اپيدميولوژي سوختگي در ايران: يك مطالعه متاآناليز

Burn Epidemiology in Iran: A Meta-Analysis Study

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫـﺪف: ﺳﻮﺧﺘـﮕﯽ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﯾـﮏ ﻣﺴﺌـﻠﻪ ﻣﻬـﻢ در ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻋﻤـﻮﻣﯽ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ و ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﻠـﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﺮگ و ﻣﯿﺮ در ﮐﺸـﻮر اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اراﺋﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻣـﺮور ﮐﻠﯽ ﺑﺮ روي اﭘﯿﺪﻣﯿﻮﻟـﻮژي ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺪ. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﺮوز و ﺷﯿﻮع ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﯽ در اﯾﺮان از ﺑﺎﻧﮏﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ Pubmed, Google Scholar, Medline, Scopous و SID ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه و ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آﻣﺎري ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻫﻔﺘـﺎد و ﻫﺸﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و از ﺷﻬـﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﯾﺮان ﻣـﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﮔـﺰارﺷﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻘـﺮﯾﺒﺎً 50% از ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﮐﻤﺘـﺮ از 16 ﺳﺎل و 60٪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﻣـﺮد ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺷﻌﻠﻪﻫﺎي آﺗﺶ، آب ﺟﻮش، ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕـﯽ و ﺗﻤـﺎس ﺑﺎ اﺷﯿـﺎء داغ ﺷﺎﯾﻌﺘـﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻮد. ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﯽ از ﻣﯿـﺰان ﻣﺮگ و ﻣﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮردار اﺳﺖ )1 ﺗﺎ 67%(. ﺣـﺪود ﯾﮏ ﺳﻮم از ﻗـﺮﺑﺎﻧﯿﺎن را ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن 0 ﺗﺎ 5 ﺳﺎل ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ دادهاﻧﺪ و ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﯽﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﺪي ﺑﯿﺸﺘـﺮ در ﻣﯿﺎن زﻧﺎن رخ داده ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺮگ و ﻣﯿـﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﻧﯿـﺰ ﻫﻤـﺮاه ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿـﺮي: آﺳﯿـﺐﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕـﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﯽﻣﺎﻧﺪ و اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺸـﮑﻞ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي و درﻣﺎن زودﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز اﺳﺖ. ﺷﯿﻮع ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﯽ، ﻣﺮگ و ﻣﯿﺮ و ﻧﺎﺗﻮاﻧﯽ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از آن در ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت دﻗﯿﻖ اﭘﯿﺪﻣﯿﻮﻟﻮژي ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﯾﮑﺴﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﮐﺸﻮر ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮان آﻣﺎر درﺳﺘﯽ اراﺋﻪ ﮐﺮد.

Introduction & Objective: Severe burn is an important issue affecting public health in developing countries and one of the leading causes of death in Iran. In order to provide an overview on burn epidemiology in this country, we conducted a systematic review. Materials & Methods: Various published articles on risk factors and prevalence of burn in Iran have been searched through different databases such as SID, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Medline and Scopous. Results were collected and statistically analyzed by software. Results: We investigated 76 studies from different parts of the country. Reports showed us almost 50% of patients were less than 16 years and 60% of them were men. Flames, boiling water, burn and contact with hot objects were among the most common causes. Death is exceedingly frequent in burn (1 to 67%). About one- third of patients were children up to 5 years. Intentional burns occurred mostly among women with high mortality rate. Conclusions: Burn injuries still remain as an important public issue. Therefore, conducting more research to investigate the problem and evaluate the effectiveness of factors especially in prevention and early treatment methods is required. The prevalence of burn, mortality and the disability caused by it are high in our country. Therefore more detailed epidemiological studies with similar methods are needed in all over the country in order to reach to highly accurate statistics