بررسي علل و انواع سوختگي در كودكان و نوجوانان زير 15 سال در شهر اصفهان طي 2 سال اخير

Evaluation of Burn Epidemiology in Children Hospitalized in Esfahan Province during the Recent Two Years

ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ: ﻫـﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻠﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﺮ 15 ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎ: ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ 1014 ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ 15 ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﺍﻧﺢ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﻇﻢ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ. ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻦ، ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻭ ﻭﺳﻌﺖ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺗﺎﻟﻴﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ 1014 ﺑﻴﻤـﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ 15 ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ 2229 ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﻣـﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃـﻲ 2 ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ 1014 ﺑﻴﻤـﺎﺭ، 610 ﻧﻔـﺮ ﭘﺴـﺮ ﻭ 404 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺩﺧﺘـﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻛﺜـﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﻴﻤـﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﮔـﺮﻭﻩ ﺳﻨﻲ 3 -6 ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺷﺎﻳﻌﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻠـﺖ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤـﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕـﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﻍ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ526 ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻝ 51/8 ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ 667 ﺑﻴﻤـﺎﺭ )65/7 ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬـﺮﻱ ﻭ 346 ﺑﻴﻤـﺎﺭ 34/3 ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃـﻖ ﺭﻭﺳﺘـﺎﻳﻲ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ. ﻣـﺮﮒ ﻭ ﻣﻴـﺮ ﺑﻴﻤـﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻛﻼﹰ 56 ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ 5/5% ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴـﺮﻱ: ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻫﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻣـﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻳﺪ.

Introduction & Objective: The aim of this study was to give some information about burns that occur in children and adolescents. Materials & Methods: The subjects were 1014 patients that were younger than 15 years who were treated at one burn center in Esfahan. The data collected for each case were age, gender, place of residence, cause and extent of burn, hospitalization status and mortality. Results: The 1014 patients comprised 45.5% of all 2229 burn victims admitted during the study period. There were 610 boys and 404 girls (ratio 1.5:1). The highest proportion of patients was in the 3–6 years age group. Hot water scalding (526 cases, 51.8%) was the leading burn cause. The number of 667 (65.7%) subjects lived in urban environments and 346 (34.3%) lived in rural areas. The overall mortality rate was 5.5% (56 deaths). Conclusions: The features of burns among children and adolescents differ from region to region. Every country needs a nationwide public education system aimed at preventing burns and ensuring that young burn victims receive first aid and burn care that is specific to their needs.