نظريه نقش و رقابت ايران و تركيه در خاورميانه در دوره حكومت حزب عدالت و توسعه

The Role Theory and Iran and Turkey's competion in the Middle East during the rule of the Justice and Development Party

ايران و تركيه از دوران آتاتورك و تاسيس تركيه علي رغم وجود رقابت و تنش ­هاي مقطعي روابط خوبي داشته اند. حتي با وجود انقلاب اسلامي و روي كار آمدن دولتي ديني روابط ايران با دولت لائيك تركيه در يك سطح معتدلي حفظ شد. انتظار مي رفت كه با قدرت گيري اسلام گرايان در تركيه در اوايل دهه 2000 ميلادي روابط ايران اسلامي با تركيه بهتر از پيش نيز شود. اما در سال­هاي اخير به ويژه پس از بيداري اسلامي تنش­هايي بين ايران و تركيه به وجود آمد كه در نوع خود بي سابقه بود. سوالي كه اين پژوهش در پي پاسخ گويي به آن است اين مي باشد كه علت اصلي افزايش رقابت­ها و تنش­ها بين ايران و تركيه در 15 سال گذشته چيست؟ در پاسخ و با استفاده از نظريه نقش گفته مي شود كه دو كشور ايران و تركيه بر اساس منابع هويتي، تاريخي، ايدئولوژيكي و جغرافيايي، نقش خود در سياست خارجي را در منطقه خاورميانه به گونه ­اي تعريف كرده اند كه موجب رقابت و تقابل دو كشور مي­ شود. ادارك تصميم گيران ايران و تركيه از نقش خود در منطقه اين است كه مي بايد نقش­ه ايي همچون "حمايت از مستضعفين"، "ميانجي"، "مدل" و مانند آن را ايفا كنند كه در بهترين حالت باعث رقابت و در بدترين حالت باعث تقابل دو طرف مي­شود. در اين راستا سه نقش "رهبري"، "دفاع از اسلام" و "الگو" تنش­هاي بيشتري را به وجود آورده است.

Iran and Turkey have had good relations since the Atatürk era and Turkey, despite the existence of competition and cross-sectoral tensions. Even with the Islamic Revolution and the coming of a religious government, relations between Iran and the secular state of Turkey were maintained at a moderate level. It was expected that Islamic relations with Turkey would be better suited to the rise of Islamists in Turkey in the early 2000s. But in recent years, especially after the Islamic awakening, there were tensions between Iran and Turkey, which was unprecedented in its kind. The purpose of the pesent study is to answerthe question of "what is the main reason for the increase of rivalries and tensions between Iran and Turkey over the last 15 years?" In response, by using the role theory, it is found that the two countries of Iran and Turkey, based on their identity, historical, ideological and geographic sources, have defined their role in foreign policy in the Middle East in a way that it causes the competition between the two countries. Perception of both countries in the region is that they should play roles such as "protecting the oppressed", "mediator", "model", and the like, which in the best case will cause competition and, at worst case, cause confrontation between the two sides. In this regard, the three roles of "leadership", "defending Islam" and "pattern" have created more tensions.