بررسي و اولويت‌بندي عوامل مؤثر بر بهبود فضاي كسب‌ و كار در كشورهاي منطقه منا

The study and prioritization of effective factors on improving the business environment in Mena countries

بهبود فضاي كسب‌ و كار همواره به‌عنوان يكي از اهداف اصلي نظام‌هاي اقتصادي حاكم در كشورها مطرح بوده است و راه‌هاي دستيابي به اين هدف، سؤالي است كه ذهن سياست‌گذاران را به خود مشغول كرده است. در اين پژوهش تلاش شده است تا عوامل مؤثر بر بهبود فضاي كسب‌وكار بر اساس شاخص سهولت كسب‌ و كار بانك جهاني موردبررسي قرار گيرد و اهميت اين عوامل به ترتيب اولويت مورد شناسايي قرار گيرد. پژوهش حاضر با داده‌هاي پانلي 17 كشور منطقه منا در بازه زماني 2010 تا 2015 انجام‌شده است. در اين مطالعه از يك مدل رگرسيوني استفاده‌شده است، كه ميزان تأثير هر يك از زير شاخص‌هاي فضاي كسب‌وكار بر روي بهبود فضاي كسب‌ و كار را مورد بررسي قرار مي‌دهد. با توجه نتايج حاصله مؤلفه پرداخت ديون بيشترين تأثير را بر بهبود فضاي كسب‌ و كار دارد و بعدازآن اجراي قراردادها و شرايط و مقررات اخذ مجوز رتبه‌هاي بعدي را ازنظر تأثيرگذاري به خود اختصاص مي‌دهند.

Introduction Improving the business environment has always been one of the main goals of the prevailing economic regimes in the countries, and ways to achieve this goal are a challenge for policy-makers. In this research, efforts have been made to examine the factors affecting the improvement of the business environment based on the Ease of doing business of the World Bank and the importance of these factors in the order of priority to be identified. The present study was conducted with panel data of 17 countries in the MENA region during the period 2010-2015. In this study, a regression model has been used that examines the impact of each of the under-indicators of the business environment on improving the business environment. Considering the results, the resolving insolvency has the greatest impact on the improvement of the business environment, and subsequently the enforcing contracts and dealing with construction permits will rank next. Literature and the theoretical background Encouraging investment and entrepreneurship is one of the main pillars of creating people-centered growth in society. Investing and entrepreneurship in a country depend on creating a favorable business environment. Because a number of factors affecting the performance of enterprises are beyond the control of investors and economic activists, which is known in the literature as the business environment. Considering that the conditions of the business environment of each country are one of the main factors affecting the decision making of investors, the attention of economists and policymakers to improving the business environment and investment has increased significantly in recent years. So that the business environment keyword in the management and macroeconomics literature has won a special place. Even in the strategic management literature, Porter has focused on the competitiveness of firms in the competitiveness of nations and the role of government laws and policymakers in this area (Porter, 1990). Today, the creation of a platform for the competitiveness of the private sector and economic enterprises is one of the key roles and responsibilities of the governments (Osborne & Gaebler, 1992). The impact of the favorable business environment, the increase in the attraction of domestic and foreign investment, employment creation and GDP growth are not overlooked and even though our country has been ranked among the countries in favor of the business environment for many years, unfortunately, it has not been able to rank well among countries. These conditions have now made the business environment improving, given the challenges facing the country's economy, an indispensable necessity for the country. However, it seems that there is not suitable environment to create the right environment for investment and business in our country. In order to achieve the true position of the Iranian economy in the area of the business environment index, which is as a way to the development of the route, important steps should be taken (Bakhtiari & Shayesteh, 1391). In this paper, we have tried to identify the most important factors affecting the business environment in the ease of doing business by using the econometric methods and the World Bank data. In other words, the authors have sought to answer this question, which are the most important factors affecting the improvement of the business environment in the countries under study? Methods The research community in this study is developing countries. Given the existing constraints and research objectives, a sample of countries should be selected as a sample to study in these countries. Therefore, some of the developing countries with the title "MENA countries" were selected as the case study for the present study. The names of these countries are given in Table (1). The information needed for this study has been gathered using secondary data, mainly from the World Bank resources and the official ease of doing business index. In order to analyze the data in this study, the regression method of panel data and stata software constructed by the Stato Clap Company has been used. In this study, a regression model was used to examine the effect of each of the following indicators of the business environment on improving the business environment.