كليدواژه :
سوختگي , اسيدپاشي , جرم , مجازات
چكيده فارسي :
اﺳﯿﺪﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ ﻓﺠﯿﻊ اﺳﺖ و در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻫﻨﺪ، ﺑﻨﮕﻼدش، ﮐﺎﻣﺒﻮج و ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ راﯾﺞ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﺮم اﺳﯿﺪﭘﺎﺷﯽ و ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ زﻧﺎن ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ وﺟﻮد دارد. اﯾﻦ ﺟﺮم ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺪﻣﺎت ﺟﺒﺮان ﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﮐﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ و ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮ از ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﻬﺮه ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﯽ را از ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺑﺮد، از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﺪهاي ﺣﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ از ﺟﺮم ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻤﺪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ارﺗﮑﺎب ﺟﺮم اﺳﯿﺪﭘﺎﺷﯽ در اﯾﺮان ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺟﺮم و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺠﺎزات آن در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد روشﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ. ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﯾﺮان ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪﮔﯽ از ﺟﺮم اﺳﯿﺪﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ، ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ و ﻓﺮوش اﺳﯿﺪ آزاد ﺑﻮده و ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي آن در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺠﺎزات ﻗﺼﺎص ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﺟﺮم در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ دﻻﯾﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺟﺮا ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮد و ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ ﻻزم را ﻧﺪارد. از آﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎً در ﺻﻮرت و دﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﺑﻪ آن دﭼﺎر ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﯾﮏ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري داﺋﻤﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ درﻣﺎن ﻧﺒﻮده و ﻋﻮارض ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ، رواﻧﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ زﯾﺎدي داﺷﺘﻪ و زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻓﺮد را ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺑﻮدي ﻣﯽﮐﺸﺪ، ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ دﯾﻪ، ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف درﻣﺎن ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺎدام اﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪه ﻣﺠﺮم ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﻪﻫﺎي ﻫﻨﮕﻔﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و زﻧﺪان ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮي ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ داﺷﺖ. ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮدن ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺟﺮم اﺳﯿﺪ ﭘﺎﺷﯽ و ﻣﻄﺮود ﺷﺪن ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺎﯾﺖ از اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻻزم ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Acid throwing as a formidable violence is more common in countries such as India, Bangladesh, Cambodia and Pakistan. There is a close connection between acid throwing crime and the social status of women. Regarding the irreparable damage of this crime and, more importantly, destroying the beauty of the victim's face, for some people, it is even heavier than the offense of intentional murder. Since acid throwing has been spread in Iran in recent years, a comparative study of punishment of this crime in Iran with these four countries, according to their legal system, appears to be useful. Therefore, type, quality and quantity of punishment and penalizing the criminal can be helpful in better understanding of criminal law, using strengths and covering weaknesses in legislation. According to the results of this study, there is no enough standard law in this country to deter acid throwing. Accordingly, its production, distribution and sale should be limited and preventable, and its illegal distribution must be punished. Since acid throwing is rarely fatal but causes serious damage to one's appearance and beauty, death penalty is rarely imposed. It is important to note that acid burn is a lifelong disease therefore criminal must incur all of conventional expenses of victim for a lifetime in addition to the wergild.
