آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻫﺎي اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ ﻋﺮاق در ﺣﻮزه ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ـ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ

The Socio-Political Security Vulnerabilities of Iraq

دوﻟﺖ ﻧﻮﭘﺎي ﻋﺮاق ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ روﻧﺪ دوﻟﺖ ﺳﺎزي در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي ﭘﺲ از 2003 ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ وﺟﻮد ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري و ﻧﻬﺎدي در ﺣﻮزه اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، ﻫﻤﻮاره درﻣﻌﺮض آﺳﯿﺐ ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺑﺎ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻫﺎي اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻨﯽ ـ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﺗﮑﺎ ﺑﻪ داده ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ازﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺳﻨﺎدي ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺆال اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ »آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻫﺎي اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ ﻋﺮاق در ﺣﻮزه ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ـ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﮐﺪاﻣﻨﺪ؟« ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ در دوره ﺟﺪﯾﺪ، ﺷﮑﺎف ﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻋﺮاق ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻧﻮع ﻧﻈﺎم ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ـ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ در اﯾﻦ ﮐﺸﻮر، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮوز ﺑﺤﺮان ﻫﺎي اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺷﮑﺎف ﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻓﻌﺎل ﺷﺪه در ﻋﺮاق ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ واﮔﺮاﯾﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺎﻧﻌﯽ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﻣﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﯿﺶ ﺷﺮط ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ دوﻟﺖ ﻣﻠﯽ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﻟﮕﻮي دﻣﻮﮐﺮاﺳﯽ اﻧﺠﻤﻨﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻋﺮﻓﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﻋﺮاق ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه، ﺿﻤﻦ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺑﺤﺮان ﻧﺎﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي و ﺑﺤﺮان ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﯿﺖ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ و ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ ﺷﮑﺎف ﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

The young Iraqi government, which is the outcome of the post-2003 state-building process, has always been affected by a number of structural and institutional problems in the social and political fields and has encountered numerous security crises. Employing an explanatory-analytical method and relying on data collected through interviews and documentary studies, this research is intended to answer the question of what the Iraqi security and political-social vulnerabilities are. The social gaps in Iraq, as well as its political-legal system, have resulted in security crises. The erupted social gaps in Iraq have increased social divergence and have prevented the development of national identity as a prerequisite of the establishment of a national government. Furthermore, the associative democracy that has been traditionally imposed on the Iraqi political structure has resulted in deeper social gaps while creating a crisis of inefficiency and illegitimacy.