مطالعه كالبدشناسي و بافت شناسي روده كوچك در اردك مسكوئي (Cairina moschata)

Anatomical and Histological Study on the Small Intestine of Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata)

اردك ﭘﺮﻧﺪه اي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در آب زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. اردك ﻣﺴﮑﻮﺋﯽ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ وزن ﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺳﺖ. روده ﮐﻮﭼﮏ در ﺑﺪن ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪاران و ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﺪﻟﯿﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﻀﻢ و ﺟﺬب ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ داراي اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ آﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ روده ﮐﻮﭼﮏ در اردك ﻣﺴﮑﻮﺋﯽ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪاي ﺻﻮرت ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ 20 ﻋﺪد اردك ﻣﺴﮑﻮﯾﯽ ﻧﺮ و ﻣﺎده ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺧﺮﯾﺪاري ﺷﺪ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ آﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﺮ روي روده ﮐﻮﭼﮏ آﻧﻬﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ دادهﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه ﻃﻮل و ﻋﺮض اﻋﻀﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰاز SPSS و آزﻣﻮن آﻣﺎري ﺗﯽ اﺳﺘﯿﻮدﻧﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺎ رﻧﮓآﻣﯿﺰي ﻫﻤﺎﺗﻮﮐﺴﯿﻠﯿﻦ ﺑﺮ روي روده ﮐﻮﭼﮏ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﯿﮑﯽ و ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ روده ﮐﻮﭼﮏ داراي ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﻮد و ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ در آن وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ. وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ذﮐﺮ آﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﯿﮑﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ در اردك ﻣﺴﮑﻮﺋﯽ دوازدﻫﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ U ﺧﻤﯿﺪه ﺑﻮد. ﺗﻬﯽ روده ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺎده داراي 6 ﺣﻠﻘﻪ و در ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺮ داراي 5 ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻃﻮل و ﻋﺮض روده ﮐﻮﭼﮏ در ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺮ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮ از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺎده ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ اﺧﺘﻼف در اﻧﺪازه ﻃﻮل دوازدﻫﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ذﮐﺮ وﺟﻮد ﮐﺮكﻫﺎي رودهاي ﺑﻠﻨﺪ و ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﺸﻌﺐ ﺑﺎ اﭘﯿﺘﻠﯿﻮم اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﺳﺎده ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ از ﺳﻤﺖ دوازدﻫﻪ ﺗﺎ اﯾﻠﺌﻮم از ارﺗﻔﺎع آﻧﻬﺎ ﮐﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ از دوازده ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ اﯾﻠﺌﻮم ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻠﻮلﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻣﯽ در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﻓﺖ.

Duck is a bird often living in water. Due to its high weight, Muscovy duck is a good bird for meat production. Small intestine is important in mammals and birds for digestion and absorption. There is no research on anatomical and histological study in adult Muscovy duck. In this research, 20 male and female Muscovy ducks were selected and their small intestine was studied anatomically. In this organ, statistical analysis of length and width was calculated by SPSS software with t-test. Then, histological study was carried out with hematoxylin and eosin kit. Anatomical and histological results were generally similar to other birds; however, there were differences in some results. Notable anatomical feature in Muscovy duck was in duodenum and jejunum. Duodenum was curved U shape. Jejunum in female Muscovy duck has six loops and in male Muscovy has five loops. Average length and width of the small intestine in male Muscovy duck is larger than that of the female Muscovy duck. This difference is significant in the length of duodenum. Notable histological feature in Muscovy duck was the presence of long and non-branching villi in jejunum. In the histological study, the notable feature was the long and non-branching villi with a simple columnar epithelium whose height was reduced from the duodenal to the ileum. Moreover, the number of goblet cells increased from duodenum to the ileum in epithelium.