رؤيا و معرفت

Dream and Knowledge

رؤياشناسي جوانب هستي­شناختي، اخلاقي، روان‌شناختي، معرفت­شناختي و... دارد. در اين نوشته تنها به يك پرسش­ معرفت­شناختي پاسخ داده شد: آيا رؤيا مي­تواند منبعي براي معرفت به بعضي از وقايع فراتر از بدن و روان ما به شمار آيد؟ پاسخ اين پرسش از نظر آيات و روايات و ادلة عقلي مثبت است. سيرة هميشگي عالمان ديني و اهل شرع نيز بر اعتماد به بعضي رؤياها دلالت دارد. دلايل قرآني، هشت رؤيايي است كه قرآن به صورت تأييدي ذكر مي­كند و ادلۀ روايي، روايات زيادي است كه از سويي به اعتبار رؤيا دلالت مي­كند و از سوي ديگر به لزوم دقت در اعتماد به رؤيا توجه داده است. دليل عقلي تجارب بشري در روي‌دادن چنين رؤيا­هايي است كه ابن­سينا به آن استدلال كرده ­است. همچنين مي­توان بر اساس اصطلاحات و ادبيات معرفت­شناسي جديد نيز بر اين مدعا استدلال كرد. اين نوشته در پي استدلال بر امكان معرفت­بخشي برخي از رؤياها، بر اساس ادلة قرآني، روايي و عقلي است؛ اما چند بحث خارج از مقصود ماست؛ از جمله بحث از دايرۀ آموزه‌هاي قابل استفاده از رؤيا و نسبت معارف مبتني بر رؤيا و معارف مبتني بر ديگر منابع معرفت.

Knowledge of dreams has different aspects such as ontological, ethical, psychological and epistemological and etc. Only one epistemological question is answered in this writing: can dreams be considered as a source of knowledge for some events which are beyond human's body and psyche? The answer to this question is positive according to Qur'an's verses and tradition and reason. The conduct of religious scholars and followers has always been to trust some dreams. Its Qur'anic reasons are the eight dreams mentioned and affirmed by the Holy Qur'an and its traditional reasons are plenty of narrations which prove the validity of dreams on the one hand, and stress on the necessity of paying attention to the dreams we may trust on the other hand. Its rational reason is human's experience in the occurrence of such dreams which has been argued by Ibn-Sina. This claim can also be proved using modern epistemological terms and expressions. This article will try to prove the possibility of cognitivity of some dreams based on Qur'anic, traditional and rational reasons; but a couple of discussions are not meant in this article including the domain of useful teachings obtained in dreams and the relation between the knowledge which are based on dreams and the ones which are based on other sources of knowledge.