مكان‌يابي بهينه براي كاهش آسيب‌پذيري شهري بعد از زلزله (مطالعه موردي: شهر بجنورد )

optimal location to reduce earthquake vulnerability of cities-Case study: Bojnord

مديريت بحران فرايندي است كه مي‌تواند از بحران پيشگيري نمايد يا در صورت وقوع آن در جهت كاهش آثار، ايجاد آمادگي لازم، مقابله، امدادرساني سريع و بهبود اوضاع تا رسيدن به وضعيت عادي و بازسازي تلاش كنند. اين مقاله باهدف مكان‌يابي بهينه محل‌هاي اسكان موقت زلزله‌زدگان با توجه به معيارهاي متنوع طبيعي و انساني (شيب، حريم گسل، دسترسي مناسب به مراكز نظامي، درماني، آموزشي و ...) كه هركدام از اين معيارها مي‌تواند به نحوي باعث ايجاد يك محيط آرام، امن و دور از محيط‌هاي پرخطر شود، براي شهر بجنورد ارائه‌شده است. لذا با توجه به تنوع معيارهاي بكار رفته در اين پژوهش دو سناريو ارائه‌شده است. در اين پژوهش نوع تحقيق كاربردي و روش تحقيق توصيفي- تحليلي است؛ و با استفاده از GIS مناسب‌ترين اراضي براي ايجاد مكان‌هاي اسكان موقت زلزله‌زدگان احتمالي بجنورد شناسايي‌شده است. نتايج اين تحقيق نشان مي‌دهد حوزه شرق و شمال شرق بجنورد به دليل قابليت اراضي و وجود عرصه، مستعدترين و بهترين گزينه براي مكان گزيني موقت زلزله‌زدگان هست و در پايان پيشنهاد‌ها در قالب نقشه و مكان‌يابي مناسب ارائه‌شده است كه با مشخص كردن پهنه‌هاي خطر در شهر مي‌توان در مورد استقرار شريان‌هاي حياتي در مناطق كم‌خطر تصميم‌گيري نمود

Iran is among the countries which id most vulnerable to natural disasters, especially earthquakes. This natural phenomenon creates a disaster in an area of Iran every few years and destroys the human and financial potentials of the country and it has also irreversible mental and emotional consequences. Due to the unexpected nature of most natural disasters and the need for rapid and accurate decision-making and implementation process, fundamental and theoretical basis has created a knowledge called crisis management. Bojnord city is the center of Bojnord town in North Khorasan province and is the largest city in the province. The city is one of the high altitudes of North Khorasan and is a mountainous region from the natural perspective. Based on census population in 2011, Bojnord has a population over 207,196 people. Bojnord is one of the cities that are located in a zoning with a very high relative risk. Moses Baba fault and Dubarar-tower fault of Bojnord are located in the immediate vicinity of city and in some regions the city is built along this fault. Faults in Bojnord have been the origin of devastating earthquakes in history and are able to work once again and threaten the city which determined the importance and role of crisis management and passive defense in earthquake more than ever. In addition to the potential threat, Bojnord faults has made clear the adverse consequences arising from the filling of Bojnord plain from human habitations and the development of the city towards the fault line at a distance of 150 meters and this has also attracted attention to passive defense two times more. Therefore, identifying risk zones (faults and earthquakes) in the city can show the vital artery in low risk decision areas and zones with low risk for the construction of temporary housing camps during the crisis. Bojnord is in a bowl surrounded by mountains and down the valley.