كليدواژه :
رقابتگرايي , توسعة محلي , اعتماد , انسجام , زرنق , مشاركت
چكيده فارسي :
در ادبيات جامعه‌شناسي توسعه دربارة نقش مؤلفه‌هاي تعاون، همكاري، مشاركت و ... در توسعه به‌طور عام و توسعة محلي به‌طور خاص قلم‌فرسايي شده است؛ اما دربارة جايگاه رقابت و كشمكشهاي فردي و گروهي به‌عنوان عناصري تعيين‌كننده در مناسبات اجتماعات محلي كوتاهي شده است. هدف اين پژوهش در درجة اول، بررسي ارتباط ميزان رقابتگرايي مردمي با توسعة اجتماعات محلي و در گام بعدي، بررسي اين رابطه با حضور متغيرهاي واسطي مانند اعتماد، انسجام، مشاركت و روابط اجتماعي به‌عنوان عناصر تشكيل‌دهندة سرماية اجتماعي است. پژوهش با روش «پيمايش» متكي بر نمونة 370 نفري از افراد بالاي 18 سال ساكن در شهر زرنق از توابع استان آذربايجان شرقي بوده است. يافته ها نشان مي‌دهد بين رقابتگرايي و تمايزخواهي هاي مردمي با سطح توسعة عيني و ذهني در منطقة مطالعه‌شده ارتباط مستقيم وجود داشته است؛ به‌طوري‌كه هرچه ميزان رقابتگرايي مردمي بالاتر بوده، به همان ميزان، توسعة محلي افزايش يافته است؛ اما اين رابطه با حضور متغيرهاي واسطي مانند اعتماد، انسجام، مشاركت و روابط اجتماعي ناپديد ميشود. بدين معنا كه متغيرهاي واسط، خود نيز به‌عنوان متغيرهاي مستقل، ارتباط مستقيم با توسعة محلي دارند؛ اما در تقابل با رقابتگرايي عمل كردهاند. درواقع ميزان قوت يا ضعف جمع‌گرايي يا گروه‌گرايي ميان اعضاي اجتماع مطالعه‌شده، رابطة مستقيم با توسعة محلي را تبيين ميكند.
چكيده لاتين :
Community development is an important part of the ongoing development debate. Now the community development is referred to as a substitute for macro-based approaches to development. This form of development is in contrast with the integrated and homogenizing trends. It suggests that people's participation and engagement in development, encouraging development from the bottom, and exploiting the potential and capacities of the local community are vitally important. Various interpretations of community development and various examples have been presented. For a long time, the notion was that for the sake of development, a form of cultural and social cohesion was inevitable. That is why most policies and plans were implemented to realize the same idea. But over the time, it has become clear that many social differences and inequalities are inseparable, and they must be recognized and accepted in order to organize development plans with these differences. Geography, language, ethnicity, and different experiences of life, constitute a form of unity and social cohesion, which, despite some similarities, should be examined and understood based on the "difference" pattern. In spite of the very powerful flow of social spaces, the "communities" are joined by a an external force and formulated under the international community and based on specific cultural and economic patterns. Therefore, there comes an opposing force in which its specific social and cultural patterns are created to shape a collective life in accordance with a self-imposed pattern. To this end, these divergent social forces justify a concept called " community development”.
The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between competition and community development to demonstrate that not only the priori conception of community development as a form of cooperation, participation, integration and trust between the members of the community that led to development, but it is no longer relevant to the present realities of these local communities; rather, this normative viewpoint can be misleading, if we neglect the capacity and potentiality of forces such as competitions, conflicts of local communities, etc. It should be noted that the second dimension of the dichotomy of the current research is cooperation in the form of a social capital indicator, which is a more comprehensive concept.
