عنوان به زبان ديگر :
Effects of Satureja hortensis L., Thymus vulgaris L., Citrus limon L. Essential Oils and 8-Hydroxyquinoline citrate in Dry and Wet Storage Conditions on Vase Life of Cut Lily (Longiflorum × Asiatic Hybrids cv. CebDazzle) Flowers
پديد آورندگان :
فرهودي، نجمه دانشگاه علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي خوزستان - گروه علوم باغباني , صالحي سلمي، محمدرضا دانشگاه علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي خوزستان - گروه علوم باغباني , ياري، فتانه سازمان پژوهش هاي علمي و صنعتي ايران - گروه توليدات گياهي و كشاورزي پايدار , شهبازي، احسان دانشگاه شهركرد - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه اصلاح نباتات و بيوتكنولوژي
كليدواژه :
آنتي‌اكسيدانت , پس از برداشت , گل شاخه بريده , ماندگاري
چكيده فارسي :
سوسن يكي از مهم‌ترين گل‌هاي بريدني تجاري مي‌باشد و به علت انسداد آوندي عمرگلجايي كوتاهي دارد. از طرفي استفاده از مواد شيميايي جهت افزايش عمر پس از برداشت، اثرات منفي بر محيط‌زيست و سلامتي انسان در بر دارد. در اين پژوهش فعاليت ضدقارچي اسانس‌هاي 3 گياه مرزه، ليموترش و آويشن به منظور جايگزيني مواد شيميايي مورد استفاده در محلول گلجايي بررسي شدند. با روش تقطير با آب اسانس استخراج و توسط دستگاه GC–MS تركيبات آن شناسايي گرديد. ليمونين تركيب اصلي اسانس ليموترش و كارواكرول تركيب اصلي اسانس‌هاي آويشن و مرزه بود. اين پژوهش به بررسي اثر اسانس‌هاي گياهي مرزه، آويشن، ليموترش و 8- هيدروكسي‌كينولين‌سيترات (250 ميلي‌گرم در ليتر) همراه با ساكارز 3 درصد بر عمرگلجايي سوسن پرداخت. در تيمار كنترل از ساكارز 3 درصد استفاده شد. بدين منظور گل‌هاي شاخه بريده به‌مدت 12 ساعت در محلول گلجايي قرار گرفته و سپس به‌صورت خشك و يا مرطوب (در آب‌مقطر) بسته‌بندي‌شده و در دماي 8 درجه سانتي‌گراد به‌مدت 15 روز قرار گرفتند. در ادامه به‌مدت
10 روز در دماي اتاق نگهداري شدند و پس از آن مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفتند. نتايج نشان داد كه استفاده از اسانس‌ها و 8- هيدروكسي‌كينولين‌سيترات نسبت به تيمار شاهد سبب بهبود ويژگي‌هاي مثبت و عمرگلجايي گرديد. گرچه در بين تيمارها، 8- هيدروكسي‌كينولين‌سيترات و اسانس آويشن سبب حفظ بيشتر تعادل آبي گل شاخه بريده گرديدند و علاوه‌براين سبب جلوگيري از تجزيه كلروفيل، آنتوسيانين، فنول و كربوهيدرات‌ها شدند. همچنين اين دو تيمار سبب حفظ بيشتر پروتئين كل و فعاليت آنزيم‌هاي آنتي‌اكسيداني شدند. لذا مي‌توان گفت كه اسانس آويشن مي‌تواند جايگزين مناسبي براي ماده شيميايي 8- هيدروكسي‌كينولين‌سيترات در محلول نگهداري گل‌ها باشد.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and Objectives
Recently, the use of cut flowers has increased, and some of these cut flowers (Lily, Rose etc.) are among the most used for decorative purposes. With this boom in popularity has also come a rise in the need for commercial use, and very little academic literature exists on how to best utilize the preservative solutions (here 8-HQC and essential oils) to prolong cut flowers vase life keeping their full quality. The vase life of Lily is usually short due to vascular occlusion. The use of synthetic chemical fungicides to protect cut flowers raises environmental and human health concerns because of chemical residue routinely found on food meant for consumption. Thus, biocides showing insignificant toxicity to human and organisms are more desirable and less likely to cause negative environmental effects.
Materials and Methods
The chemical composition of essential oils extracted from the endemic Iranian plants Satureja hortensis L., Thymus vulgaris L. and Citrus limon L. was studied in order to evaluate their efficacy as a substitute for synthetic chemical that was used as preservative-solutions. The effects of essential oils (250 mg L-1) individually and 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (8-HQC) with sucrose 3% were evaluated. Cut flowers were pulsed for 12 h in different preservative solutions, followed by storage in dry and wet conditions (in distilled water) at 8˚C for 15 days, and then all treated cut flowers were kept in room temperature to evaluate commercial vase life. At the end of commercial vase life, parameters such as relative fresh weight, amount of chlorophyll, phenol, anthocyanin, protein and carbohydrate, vase life and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured. In this experiment, flowering stems were arranged using a completely randomized design.
Results
Limonene was identified as major component of C. limon L. essential oil, whereas Carvacrol was the major component in S. hortensis L. and Th. vulgaris L. Results showed that applying all essential oil treatments or 8-HQC increased positive characteristics and vase life compared with control. However, among all these treatments, the flowers treated with Thyme essential oil plus 3% sucrose or 8-HQC were kept in wet storage condition showed best vase life. Based on our results, new antimicrobial agents such as limonene, thymol and carvacrol in combination with 3% sucrose had a positive effect on the vase-life and relative fresh weight. The senescence of cut flowers is associated with a series of highly regulated physiological and biochemical processes, including breakage of water balance, degradation of photosynthetic pigment, decrease in metabolic constituents, and loss of membrane integrity. In our experiment, Thyme essential and 8-HQC oil treatments were reduced degradation of leaf protein and chlorophyll content which was seen in the controls. Essential oils derived from plants such as T. vulgaris are particularly valuable because of their antibacterial and antioxidant properties.
Discussion
In conclusion, using various concentrations of essential oils and 8-HQC in preservative solutions showed promising prospects for the utilization of natural essential oils or plant extracts in extending lily vase-life. The proposed mechanism of action, e.g. inhibition of the growth of bacteria in the vase water or inside the xylem vessels of the flower stem needs further elucidation.
