پديد آورندگان :
مرادي، رضا دانشگاه علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي خوزستان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه مهندسي توليد و ژنتيك گياهي، ملاثاني , سيادت، عطاء اله دانشگاه علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي خوزستان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه مهندسي توليد و ژنتيك گياهي، ملاثاني , سياهپوش، عبدالرضا دانشگاه علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي خوزستان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه مهندسي توليد و ژنتيك گياهي، ملاثاني , بخشنده، عبدالمهدي دانشگاه علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي خوزستان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه مهندسي توليد و ژنتيك گياهي، ملاثاني , مرادي تلاوت، محمدرضا دانشگاه علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي خوزستان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه مهندسي توليد و ژنتيك گياهي، ملاثاني
كليدواژه :
خاشاك , درجه خلوص شربت , درصد ساكارز شربت , درصد شربت قابل استخراج , قند قابل استحصال
چكيده فارسي :
تعهدات بين‌المللي و فشار افكار عمومي براي جلوگيري از آلودگي محيط زيست موجب‌گذار از برداشت سوخته نيشكر به برداشت سبز در مناطق نيشكر كاري دنيا شده است. به منظور مقايسه شاخص‌هاي كيفي شربت نيشكر در دو روش برداشت سبز و سوخته تحقيقي در سال زراعي 95-1394 در كشت و صنعت نيشكر امام خميني (ره) واقع در شمال خوزستان به‌صورت آزمايش كرت‌هاي يك‌بار خرد‌شده بر پايه بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي در چهار تكرار اجراء شد. عامل اصلي سه واريته نيشكر با دوره رسيدگي متفاوت و عامل فرعي پنج روش برداشت و راتونينگ بودند. شاخص‌هاي كيفي مورد ارزيابي شامل درصد خاشاك ساقه، درصد وزني شربت قابل استخراج، كل مواد جامد حل‌شده در شربت، ميزان ساكارز در شربت، درجه خلوص شربت، قند قابل استحصال در كارخانه (R.S) و عملكرد ساقه بودند. نتايج نشان داد واريته نيشكر در خصوص همه صفات مورد ارزيابي به جز درصد وزني شربت قابل استخراج اختلاف معني‌دار داشتند. روش‌هاي برداشت و راتونينگ در مورد درصد خاشاك همراه ني، قند قابل استحصال در كارخانه، عملكرد ني و كل مواد جامد حل‌شده در شربت اختلاف معني‌دار داشتند. خاشاك همراه‌ني در مجموع روش‌هاي برداشت سبز حدود 7 درصد و در برداشت سوخته 4 درصد بود. ميانگين عملكرد برداشت سوخته 83 تن در هكتار و برداشت سبز 74 تن در هكتار بود. به‌طوركلي برداشت سبز نيشكر موجب افزايش درجه خلوص شربت نسبت به برداشت سوخته شد.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and Objectives
International forces and public pressure to prevent environmental pollution have changed burnt sugarcane harvesting to green sugarcane harvesting in most important sugarcane-producing regions of the world. In the major countries that produce sugarcane, sufficient research has been done on green sugarcane harvesting. Due to climate difference between Iran and other countries, it is essential to investigate all the aspects of green cane harvesting such as the quality indices of extracts in Khuzestan, Iran.
Materials and Methods
To compare extract quality in burnt and green sugarcane harvesting, a test was performed in
2015-2016 at Emam Khomeini Agro industry company (latitude 31,44o N, longitude 48,44o E and 24 m asl). A spilet plot design was used. Three sugarcane varieties with different ripeness durations were considered as the main plot and five harvesting methods and ratooning including burnt harvesting, green cane harvesting without rationing, green cane harvesting with rationing, green cane harvesting with one reshape replication and green cane harvesting with two reshape replications with four replications were considered as the sub plot. Trash percent, extraction percent (Ex), total solid material solute in extract (Brix), sugar percent in extract (Pol), extract purity degree (Pty), recovery sugar percent in factory (R.S) and the yield were studied.
Results
Results showed the varieties had a significant difference regarding all the parameters except Ex. Maximum Ex (%41.863), and the yield (93 t/ha) belonging to Cp69-1062 varieties. Cp73-21 had the maximum Brix (%20.35) and Pol (%18.16). Methods of harvesting and ratooning caused a significant difference as to the trash percent, R.S, the yield and Brix. The mean of trash in green harvesting was 7 %but it was 4% in burnt harvesting. Maximum Brix belonged to the burnt but had no significant difference with that of the green harvesting. Pol percent in the burnt was not significantly different from the two green harvesting methods. The average yields of burnt and green harvestings were 83 t/ha and 74 t/ha respectively. Finally, green harvesting increased Pty.
Discussion
The results of this study show that in green cane harvesting, as compared with burnt cane harvesting, the trash is increased and the yield is decrease. Because the trash prevents the recovery sugar, we expected that quality indices in green cane harvesting to be worse than burnt cane harvesting. However, due to having fresh cane in green cane harvesting, the parameters of quality, especially the purity, were higher than those in burnt cane harvesting. In the executive phase, the difference between the green and burnt harvesting is more than this experiment because a cane field that has been burnt for harvesting is usually detained for more than 12 hours for transporting the cane to the factory, resulting in much lower quality. The benefits of green cane harvesting will better be understood now if the trash is decreased in green cane harvesting by setting and changing the harvesters.
