رابطه‌ي ويژگي‌هاي زيستي، شناختي رواني و اجتماعي- فرهنگي والدين با كم وزني هنگام تولد

The relationship between biological, psychological-cognitive and socialcultural characteristics of parents with infant’s birth weight in Isfahan province

مقدمه: كم وزني هنگام تولد، يكي از شاخص‌هاي مهم بهداشتي هر كشور است و شناخت عوامل آن ضروري مي‌باشد. پژوهش حاضر، رابطه‌ي بين ويژگي‌هاي زيستي، شناختي، رواني و اجتماعي والدين با كم وزني هنگام تولد در استان اصفهان بود. روش‌ها: در اين پژوهش توصيفي، 910 نفر (از بين مادران تازه زايمان كرده) تمامي نوزادان متولد شده در بيمارستان‌ها و زايشگاه‌هاي دولتي وخصوصي استان اصفهان به روش نمونه‌گيري طبقه‌اي و خوشه‌اي در سال 1388 انتخاب شدند. اطلاعات با پرسش‌نامه‌اي محقق و آزمون رضايت زناشويي اينريچ جمع‌آوري شد. داده‌ها با نرم افزار SPSS تجزيه وتحليل گرديد. يافته‌ها: شيوع نوزادان كم وزن 86 نوزاد ( 9/5 درصد)، بارداري‌هاي ناخواسته 35 مورد ( 38/7 درصد)، نارضايتي زناشويي مادران 294 نفر ( 29 درصد) بوده 142 نفر (15/6 درصد ) بارداري‌ها زير 20 سال، 200 نفر (22 درصد) بالاي 35 سال و 354 نفر (38/9 درصد) در معرض دود سيگار، 300 نفر (33 درصد) فشار خون بالا، 242 نفر ( 26/7 درصد) سابقه‌ي سقط جنين و 290 نفر ( 31/9 درصد) خون‌ريزي داشتند 95 نفر ( 10/4 درصد) نوزادان داراي خواهر يا برادر استثنايي بودند .210 تفر ( 23/1 درصد) مادران شاغل، 180 نفر ( 19/8 درصد) تولد دوقلويي و 192 نفر ( 21/1 درصد) والدين نسبت خويشاوندي نزديك داشتند ميانگين افزايش وزن دوران بارداري 9 كيلوگرم، 270 نفر ( 29/7 درصد) زايمان‌ها سزارين بود اين عوامل خطرزا، مي‌تواند احتمال كم‌وزني هنگام تولد را به طور معناداري افزايش دهد (0/05 = a). نتيجه‌گيري: ويژگي‌هاي زيستي، رواني و اجتماعي والدين بر كم وزني هنگام تولد تاثير داشته و در پيشگيري ازتولد نوزادان كم وزن كاربرد دارد.

Background: Low birth weight considered as an important indicator of health of each country and identifying of its causative factors is necessary. The aim of present study was to determine the relationship between the biological, psychological-cognitive and social - cultural characteristics of parents and infant’s birth weight in Isfahan province. Methods: In this study 910 recently delivered mothers of Isfahan province in 2009 were selected by stratified and cluster sampling methods. Data was collected using a self-administrated questionnaire and the Enrich marital satisfaction test. Obtained data analyzed by SPSS software in two categories of descriptive and inferential statistics by using logistic regression model. Findings: The prevalence of low birth weight infants, unwanted pregnancy and marital dissatisfaction was 9.5 %, 38.7 % and 29 % respectively. 15/6 % of pregnancies were below 20 years old and 22 % was above of 35 years old. 38.9 % mothers were exposed to cigarette smoke. Mean weight gain during pregnancies was 9 kilograms. 33 % of mothers had high blood pressure during pregnancy. 26.7 % and 31.9% had history of abortion and bleeding, respectively. 23/1 % of women were employed during pregnancy. 19.8 % gave twin birth. 21/1 % of parents were relative of each other. In 29.7 % the type of delivery was cesarean. Factors such as; severe marital dissatisfaction, abnormal blood pressure during pregnancy, being employed during pregnancy, weight gain < 5 kg during pregnancy, pregnancy below the age of 20 significantly increase the possibility of low birth weight in infant (a = 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of current study confirm the relation between biological, psychologicalcognitive and social - cultural characteristics of parents and low birth weight in infants in Isfahan, which made useful information regarding prevention of the problem.