نقش مباني سياست اسلامي در تبيين حقوق شهروندي

Role of the Principles of Islamic Politics in the Explanation of Citizenship Rights

مكتب اسلام، در تدوين حقوق شهروندي، نگاه تعالي‌جويانه به انسان دارد. هدف اين مقاله پاسخ‌دادن به اين سؤال است كه نقش مباني سياست اسلامي در تبيين حقوق شهروندي چيست؟ در اين تحقيق با رويكرد توصيفي و تحليلي به اين موضوع پرداخته شد. حاكميت قانون الهي و حقوق شهروندي، دوساحتي‌بودن انسان و حقوق شهروندي، كرامت انسان و حقوق شهروندي، خلافت الهي انسان و حقوق شهروندي، از جمله يافته‌هاي اين پژوهش مي‌باشد. از جمله نتايج تحقيق عبارت است از اين‌كه دين اسلام با سياست و حقوق و...، سازگار است. اسلام، بُعد روحاني آدمي را اصل و بُعد جسماني او را فرع دانسته و زمينه رسيدن همه انسان‌ها را به سعادت در دنيا و آخرت هموار نموده است. تدبير امور انسان به دست خداوند و منشأ حاكميت نيز، اراده و إذن اوست، زيرا با آگاهي، در سياستگذاري‌ها، وضع قوانين و تشريع احكام، حقوق شهروندي و مصالح مادي و معنوي واقعي او را رعايت مي‌كند و براي رسيدن او به حقوق شايسته شهروندي، بر نهادينه‌سازي اخلاق، ارزش‌هاي ديني و انساني در فرد و جامعه تأكيد نموده است.

Islamic school has codified the citizenship rights based on transcendent vision of man. The goal of this essay is providing an answer for the following question: what is the role of the principles of Islamic politics in the explanation of citizenship rights? In the current research the latter issue is assayed through a descriptive and analytic approach. The rule of divine law; two-sidedness of man and the citizenship rights; human dignity and the citizenship rights; divine caliphate of man and the citizenship rights are among the findings of this study. Among the results of this research one can refer to the fact that Islamic religion is consistent with politics and law. Islam takes human spiritual aspect to be the major aspect of his existence while his corporeal aspect is considered as the ancillary to the former aspect and the basis that provides the ground for all human individuals to reach prosperity in this world and the otherworld. Human affairs are handled by God and the sovereignty is also based on His Will because by consciousness of this fact in policy making, codification of laws and legislation of judgments, citizenship rights and his true material and spiritual interests are observed and the grounds required for the fulfillment of the proper citizenship rights as well as the institutionalization of ethics, religious and human values in individuals and society are highlighted.