حق راي زنان در نظام سياسي اسلام (بررسي پيشينه و مباني)

Women's Suffrage in the Shia Political System(Reviews of Its Records, Challenges, and Principles

حق راي از عمده حقوق سياسي اجتماعي زنان است كه تنها چند دهه اي است در كشورهاي مدعي حقوق بشر به رسميت شناخته و محقق شده است. ادعاي بيشتر اين كشورها و جنبش هاي مدافع حقوق زنان آن است كه زن ها در همه ي دوره هاي حيات و در تمام اديان، از اين حق محروم بوده اند و تنها به واسطه ي تلاش ايشان اين حق براي زنان به رسميت شناخته شد. اين پژوهش درصدد است به شيوه ي توصيفي – تحليلي ديدگاه اسلام را در اين باره روشن كند و تاريخچه ي تحقق اين مسئله را بازگو كند. بررسي هاي اوليه در آموزه هاي اسلامي و سيره ي پيشوايان معصوم (ع) حاكي است كه اسلام، زنان را همچون سفيهان، محجوران و ضعفاي فكري و عقلي قلمداد نكرده، بلكه راي و نظر آنها را محترم شمرده است و اين امر برخاسته از مباني و پيش فرض هاي انسان شناسي و هستي شناسي ويژه اي است. دستاورد اين بحث در تبيين ديدگاه اسلام درباره ي راي دادن زنان، اثبات پيشتازي اسلام در اين باره و به چالش كشيدن نظريه هايي كه انديشه ي اعتزال زن در اسلام را تبليغ مي كنند، كاركرد آشكاري دارد.

Suffrage is one of the major political-social rights of women. In recent decades, despite the sensitivities and prejudices of the patriarchal system, this social issue has been accomplished with the advocate movement of women's rights. The dominant viewpoints of these movements imply that the women were deprived of such a right in all historic eras and religious sovereignty. Due to their efforts, women could obtain this official right. It is a descriptive-analytic research, and it intends to clarify the views of Islam and the Shia political system on this issue. Moreover, this research intends to review its historical events of realization. The primary reviews of the Islamic teachings along with great Shia leaders’ approaches show us that Islam never considers women as insensible and simpleton individuals who have the intellectual and rational weakness. On the contrary, Islamic teachings recommend us to respect women’s opinions and votes, and this view is based on the fundamentals and assumptions that are based on humanoid and ontology. The positive outcomes of this issue about women’s suffrage, which explain and clarify the Islamic viewpoints, have some certain clear functions. These positive outcomes can also challenge some theories such as propagate women's ideas in Islam.