پديد آورندگان :
روانستان، علي محمد دانشگاه شهيد باهنر كرمان , اميري خراساني، احمد دانشگاه شهيد باهنر كرمان , بصيري،محمد صادق دانشگاه شهيد باهنر كرمان
كليدواژه :
ادبيات اسارت , ادبيات پايداري , ادبيات جنگ , نامه‌هاي آزادگان
چكيده فارسي :
ادب پايداري و مقاومت يكي از گونه هاي سارآمد، پذيرفتاه شاده و مقادّس در تماامي
كشور هاست. در اين ميان، ادبيات اسارت كه از زير شاخه هاي مهام ادب جناگ اسات، در
ادبيات ساير ملل، جايگاه درخشاني دارد. پس از انقلاب اسلامي، اين گوناة ادباي در اياران
مورد توجه شاعران و نويسندگان قرار گرفت و آثار متعددي در ايان زميناه خلاق و آفرياده
شد.
يكي از وجوه اصلي ادبيات اسارت كه تاكنون از ديد پژوهشگران مغفول ماناده، توجاه
به شيوة نامه نگاري اسيران جنگ تحميلي است.
اينگونه از ادب اسارت، علاوه بر اهمّيت محتاوايي از نظار سااختار، سابك و زباان نياز
حائز توجه است.
در اين مقاله، پس از بررسي نزديك به شش‌هزار نامه از آزادگان، ويژگيهاي ساختاري و معنايي آنها به روش تحليل محتوايي، طبقه بندي و تحليل مي‌شود. اين نوع نامه ها در تقسيم‌بندي‌هايي با عناوين سرلوحه‌دار، بي‌سرلوحه، الگويي (كليشه اي) و منحصر به فرد جاي گرفته‌است.
در يك نگاه كلّي بايد گفت كه در ادب فارسي، نامه‌هاي اسيران، ادامه‌دهندۀ سنّت ترسّلات اخواني در ادبيات است؛ با وجود اين، چنين نامه هايي از نظر ساختار، زبان، محتوا و نوع كاركرد، تمايزاتي با ديگر نامه هاي اخواني دارد.
چكيده لاتين :
From long ago, letters have served people as a great, substantial communication resource and an efficient tool. They have also helped people in communicating with each other and conveying their desires and thoughts to others. Letters can be considered as the most important tool for conveying thoughts and opinions as they could save people from dissociability and redeem them from mental isolation.
Letter writing is a process in which a communication is formed between two or more people by sending a paper work for a person to another or others. Letter writing can be accomplished in any subject. In primitive age, letter writing was done in paper, but today, with the improvement of technology and invention of tools, such as computer, internet, cell phones, etc., letter writing in paper and traditional correspondence have faded and have partly given their way to these tools.
Overpassing the social function of letters, we can define this word according to Amid Dictionary as ‘a written subject that is addressed to a particular person and is usually sent to a receiver through post and in an envelope; or it is a paper letter on which some matters are written’. Letter writing has been of great importance in history and in Iranian and Islamic civilization; As it is recorded in literary and historic texts. This importance was to an extent that Iranians even in the pre-Islamic period, it had ordinances and special standardizations for secretaries and techniques (Rastegar Fasaei, 2001: 194-195).
Centuries after Islam, letter writing propounded among secretaries in Arabic with Iranian-Islamic style by accommodating the principles of letter writing in Persian and Arabic, and the letter writers being influenced by the Quran and letters of prophets and caliphs to the kings of neighbor countries and Islamic agents and functionaries (Khatibi, 1996: 309 – 361).
In the middle of Qajar era and the introduction of writers like Fazel Khan Garousi, Mirza Malkum Khan, and more importantly, Qaem Maqam Farahani, the style of letter writing transformed in Persian literature to an extent the sentences of letters became shorter and the extravagance in using rhetorical features was minimized in Qaem Maqam’s letters alongside the simplicity of language and its closeness to natural speech (Aryanpour, 2008: 65).
Simplification of the structure and language of letters, whether in administrative letters or in friendly and family letters, which were the consequences of literacy growth, lead to more extension in letter writing as one of the main communication tools in decades after revolution, particularly during the imposed war. A point that this article delves into.
