نقدي تبارشناسانه بر مفهوم دانش آموز نخبه در آموزش و پرورش معاصر ايران

A genealogical criticism of the concept of Elite student in the contemporary educational system of Iran

بر اساس مفروضه هاي ساخت شكنانه تبارشناسي، تحول مفاهيم نه تنها حاصل پيشرفت علم و دانش در حوزه هاي معرفت بشري همچون روان شناسي و علوم اجتماعي نيست بلكه بيانگر آن است كه چنين تحولي حاصل حوادث تاريخي و وقايع خردي است كه در ميانه اين تحول رخ داده است. بر مبناي چنين پيش فرضي مساله اصلي اين پژوهش تبيين حوادث، تحولات و فرايندهاي شكل دهنده به مفهوم دانش آموز نخبه و ساختار شكني از اين مفهوم در راستاي تبيين امكان هاي حاشيه رانده شده در زندگي دانش آموزان در نظام آموزشي ايران معاصر است . بر اساس مطالعه تاريخ تربيت نخبگي در ايران به روش نقد تبارشناسانه نتايج حاصل بيانگر آن بود كه مهم ترين صورتبندي هاي گفتماني در اين دوران، طرح سمپاد و طرح شهاب در تاريخ تربيت نخبگي در ايران معاصر است .. در اين ميان مهم ترين اين عوامل، شكست ساختار هوش در دانش و ورود مفاهيم اجتماعي به تربيت نخبگي است به طوريكه به راحتي مي توان تنوع در عرصه هاي اجتماعي و شمول ابعاد مختلف تيز هوشي را در صورت بندي اخير از آن يعني طرح شهاب مشاهده نمود. اما آنچه از نظر تبار شناسي داراي اهميت است تحليل تبار بر حسب عوامل غير گفتماني است. از جمله مهم ترين اين عوامل بر حسب مطالعه رويدادها و حوادث مي توان به فرار مغزها تغيير مفاهيم اقتصادي ، نماي نا متناسب در پراكندگي جمعيتي آموزش هاي خاص تيز هوشان اشاره كرد.

Introduction According to deconstructive genealogical hypotheses, the transformation of concepts is not only not the result of development of science in fields of knowledge such as psychology and social science, but also indicates that such an developments are the result of historical and common events occurring in the course of transformation. On the basis of this presupposition, the main aim of this study is to explain events, developments and processes that form the concept of elite student and deconstruct the concept in order to explain the marginalized possibilities in students’ life in educational system the contemporary of Iran. Method The method in this research is genealogy. In genealogy, the objective is to discern how a problem or a fact came about in history. Results Finally, in both Shahab and sampad plans, background factors and power relations play a role in the evolution of the concepts. Discussion That indicated the most important discursive formations in this period of time are Shahab and Sampad plans in the contemporary Iran. The first impression that the analysis of genealogy of an elite student gives us is the macro layers that fill the gaps between two formations. The most important factor is the deconstruction of “intelligence” and addition of the sociological concepts to elite students’ training. To this effect a diversity can be noted in social arenas and different dimensions of giftedness in its current formation i.e. Shahab plan. Although more important matter in accordance to genealogy is the analysis of genealogy based matters on non-discursive factors, which indicates that the revolution is not only not the result of development of science in fields of knowledge such as psychology and social science, but also indicates that such an improvement is the result of historical and common events which have occurred in the middle of the path of improvement. Some significant and obvious events which can be mentioned here are brain drain, economic crisis in Iran, change of economic concepts, the inappropriate population density of special instructions for elite students and the reduction of the population of students.