پديد آورندگان :
نصيري دهسرخي، عباس دانشگاه زابل - دانشكده كشاورزي , مكاريان، حسن دانشگاه صنعتي شاهرود - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت , ورناصري قندعلي، ويدا دانشگاه زابل - دانشكده كشاورزي , سالاري، نسرين دانشگاه زابل - دانشكده كشاورزي
كليدواژه :
شاخص برداشت , كشاورزي پايدار , كودهاي آلي , گياهان دارويي
چكيده فارسي :
به‌منظور بررسي تاثير سطوح ورمي كمپوست و اسيد هيوميك بر عملكرد و اجزاي عملكرد زيره سبز، آزمايشي به‌صورت فاكتوريل در قالب طرح پايه بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي با سه تكرار در سال زراعي 96-1395 در مزرعه‌اي واقع در شهرستان مباركه انجام شد. عوامل آزمايش شامل ورمي كمپوست در سه سطح (عدم مصرف، مصرف 5 و 10 تن در هكتار) و محلول پاشي اسيد هيوميك در چهار سطح (صفر، 2، 4 و 6 ليتر در هكتار) بود. نتايج نشان داد بيشترين ارتفاع گياه و وزن هزار دانه با كاربرد ورمي كمپوست به‌ميزان 10 تن در هكتار به‌دست آمد. كاربرد 5 و 10 تن ورمي كمپوست در هكتار، باعث افزايش معني‌دار تعداد دانه در چتر به‌ترتيب به‌ميزان 19 و 26 درصد نسبت به شاهد (عدم مصرف) گرديد. بيشترين عملكرد دانه و تعداد چتر در بوته نيز در تيمارهاي محلول پاشي 4 و 6 ليتر در هكتار اسيد هيوميك و كاربرد 10 تن ورمي كمپوست مشاهده شد. محلول پاشي اسيد هيوميك به‌مقدار 4 ليتر در هكتار در شرايط كاربرد 0، 5 و 10 تن ورمي كمپوست، باعث افزايش معني‌دار عملكرد بيولوژيك به-ترتيب به‌ميزان 28/5، 14/2 و 9/8 درصد نسبت به شاهد (عدم محلول پاشي) گرديد. بر اساس نتايج پژوهش حاضر، مي‌توان اظهار داشت كه با مصرف كودهاي آلي به‌ويژه كاربرد تركيبي آنها، ضمن افزايش عملكرد و اجزاي عملكرد زيره سبز و همچنين كاهش آلودگي‌هاي زيست محيطي ناشي از مصرف كودهاي شيميايي مي‌توان به اهداف كشاورزي پايدار دست يافت.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: The primary aims of sustainable agriculture are to decrease the off-farm inputs such as chemical fertilizers and to increase farm nutrient cycle through reduced tillage and utilization of biological and organic fertilizers (Akbari and Gholami, 2016). Vermicompost and humic acid are examples of organic fertilizers that can be used to decrease the application of chemical fertilizers in order to achieve goals of sustainable agriculture. Vermicompost is considered to be a rich source of macro/micro elements, vitamins, enzymes and growth stimulating hormones, which can contribute to growth acceleration in medicinal plants. It also increases the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus by increasing the nitrogen fixation rate and solubilizing phosphorus (Prabha et al., 2007). The humic acid, which is known as an environmentally friendly organic matter with low levels of hormonal-like compounds, is useful in improving agricultural production (Samavat and Malakuti 2006). The research on the combined use of organic fertilizers on cumin has been scant. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of humic acid and vermicompost application on yield and yield components of cumin as a medicinal plant under Isfahan climatic conditions.Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the effect of different levels of vermicompost and humic acid on yield and yield components of cumin, an experiment was conducted in a field located in Mobarakeh city as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during the growing season of 2016-2017. The treatments consisted of three levels of vermicompost (0, 5 and 10 t.ha-1) and four levels of humic acid (0, 2, 4 and 6 l.ha-1). At the end of the season, plant height, number of umbels, number of seeds per umbel, 1000-seed weight, seed and biological yield and harvest index were measured. MSTAT-C software was used to perform data analysis and means were compared using the least significant difference (LSD) test at the probability level of 5%. Simple correlation of traits was obtained using SPSS version 16 software. Results and Discussion: The results showed that vermicompost led to a significant increase in the investigated traits. The application of 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost produced the maximum height and 1000-seed weight. The use of 5 and 10 t.ha- 1 vermicompost increased the number of seed per umbel by 19 and 26 % in comparison to control treatment, respectively. Likewise, the results indicated that the simple effect of humic acid was significant on all the studied traits except harvest index. So that, the highest plant height, number of seed per umbel and 1000-seed weight were obtained from 4 l.ha-1 humic acid treatment. Interaction effect of vermicompost and humic acid significantly influenced number of umbels, harvest index, seed and biological yield. The maximum seed yield and number of umbel were observed with the application of 4 and 6 l.ha-1 humic acid and 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost. In this regard, Akbari and Gholami (2016) reported that the greatest and lowest seed yield of Fennel were obtained from 8 t.ha-1 vermicompost and control plots, respectively. Also their results suggested that with foliar application of humic acid, seed yield of Fennel increased by about 18 percent. Foliar spraying of humic acid at 4 l.ha-1 along with 0, 5 and 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost significantly increased cumin biological yield by 28.5, 14.2 and 9.8 % as compared to control (no foliar spraying), respectively. The correlation results suggested that the highest correlation for seed yield was with plant height (0.87**), number of umbels per plant (0.85**) and biological yield (0.84**), respectively. Conclusion: Positive and significant correlation was found between yield and yield components, showing that an increase in one yield component by the use of organic fertilizers, could have a significant increasing effect on cumin yield. Overall, based on the results of the present study, the application of organic fertilizers, especially their combined use, can lead to increased yield and yield components of the plant. This can also alleviate environmental pollutions caused by use of chemical fertilizers and ultimately can aid in attaining goals of sustainable agriculture.
