پديد آورندگان :
ده‌مردان، اكرم دانشگاه تربيت مدرس - گروه سازه‌هاي آبي , مظاهري، مهدي دانشگاه تربيت مدرس - گروه سازه‌هاي آبي , محمدولي ساماني، جمال دانشگاه تربيت مدرس - گروه سازه‌هاي آبي
كليدواژه :
كنترل منبع آلاينده , شناسايي مكان منبع آلايندۀ نقطه‌اي , حل معكوس , بازيابي شدت منبع آلايندۀ نقطه‌اي
چكيده فارسي :
در سال‌هاي اخير، با افزايش جمعيت و توسعۀ روزافزون صنعت، بيشتر منابع آب جهان، اعم از رودخانه‌ها، درياچه‌ها و آب‌هاي زيرزميني آلوده شده‌اند؛ اين امر سبب ايجاد مسائل و مشكلات بهداشتي چشمگيري براي انسان و ساير موجودات زنده شده است. در صورت ادامۀ اين وضعيت، بشر با بحران كمبود آب و مخاطرات جبران‌ناپذير مواجه خواهد شد. كنترل پيوستۀ منبع آلاينده، سبب جلوگيري از آلودگي آب مي‌شود. با اجراي اقداماتي پيش از وقوع با هدف كاهش مخاطرات محيطي، مي‌توان هزينه‌هاي تحميل‌شده را به‌شدت كاهش داد و بحران را مديريت كرد. مهم‌ترين راه حفظ كيفيت منابع آب و كنترل آن، تدوين قوانين و استانداردهاي مناسب و سختگيرانه و برنامه‌ريزي براي اجراي صحيح آن است. كيفيت آب رودخانه‌ها بايد به‌صورت مستمر پايش شود، چراكه برخي صنايع به‌دليل وجود محدوديت‌ها، اغلب به‌صورت نامحسوس و ناگهاني آلاينده‌اي با غلظت زياد را وارد رودخانه مي‌كنند. تعيين زمان و مكان آلاينده‌اي كه در گذشته رها شده است، مي‌تواند در محافظت از رودخانه‌ها بسيار كمك‌كننده باشد. هدف اصلي اين تحقيق، شناسايي مكان منبع آلاينده در رودخانه بدون داشتن هيچ‌گونه اطلاعات پيشيني از منبع در چارچوب كاملاً رياضي است. مزيت مدل بازگشتي ارائه‌شده آن است كه تنها با برداشت منحني غلظت-زمان از دو نقطۀ بالادست و پايين‌دست منبع آلاينده، مي‌توان مكان منبع را با بيشترين دقت به‌دست آورد. پس از به‌دست آوردن مكان منبع، شدت منبع آلاينده بازيابي مي‌شود. اين تحقيق، ضريب‌هاي جريان خطا را بررسي كرده است تا خطاي حاصل در نتايج شناسايي مكان و بازيابي شدت منبع آلاينده مشاهده شود. نتيجه نشان داد كه اين مدل به خطاي ضريب‌ها حساس نيست. صحت‌سنجي بين حالت دقيق و نتايج حاصل از مدل معكوس با دقت مناسبي قابل قبول بود.
چكيده لاتين :
In recent years, with increasing population and growing industry, most of the world's water sources, including rivers, lakes and ground water, have been infected. This has caused health problems for humans and other living organisms. If this situation continues, Humans face water shortage and irreparable risks. Pollutant source control continuously prevents water contamination by implementing pre-occurrence measures aimed at reducing environmental hazards, it can drastically reduce the costs imposed and manage the crisis. The most important way to maintain the quality of water resources and control it, is to editing rules, and appropriate and rigorous standards, and plan for its proper implementation. The water quality of rivers should be monitored continuously, because some industries often enter the river suddenly due to its limitations. Determine the time and place of the pollutant that has been abandoned in the past, can be of great help in protecting rivers. The main objective of this research is to identify the location of the pollutant in the river without any prior information from the source in the entire mathematical framework. The strength point of the proposed inverse model is that only by taking the concentration-time curve from two upstream and downstream points of pollution can the source location be obtained with highest accuracy. After obtaining the source location, the intensity of the source of the pollutant is restored. In this study, the error was entered into the flow parameters to observe the error in the location identification, and recovery of the source pollution intensity. The result showed that this model is not sensitive to parameter error. Verification between the exact state and the results of the inverse model with acceptable accuracy was acceptable.
Introduction
In several areas of applied sciences, inverse problems are playing a crucial role in estimating unknown causes using some observed consequences. Estimations of inaccessible parameters are usually the missing bits of information that may lead to a better understanding of the occurring phenomena, and even prevent worse consequences. In this paper, we are interested in studying an inverse source problem. A motivation of our study is an environmental application that consists of the identification of pollution sources in surface water. In fact, when toxic substances enter lakes, streams, rivers, oceans, and other water bodies, they get dissolved or lie suspended in the water or get deposited on the bed.
In the field of reverse solving, the research projects that have been done so far are mostly associated with underground water environment and less attention has been given to surface water. In this research, using the techniques in the science of the inverse problem, it is attempted to identify the source of contamination quickly. The proposed model can identify the location, and the intensity of the source of the pollutant quickly and accurately.
Materials and methods
In this paper, the river is considered to have only one source of pollutants in it, the location and intensity of the pollutant source in this river is unknown, and no prior information from the source of contamination in the river is available. Two observation points should be selected so that one is located upstream () of the pollutant source, and another is downstream () of the pollutant source. Given that in the inverse solution of the advection-dispersion equation, a forward solution is needed, forward solving is done at the end. The river of the length of is shown below.
