ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦﻫﺎي ﺗﺎي ﭼﯽ ﭼﻮآن ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ، ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺧﻮاب و ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﻮن زﻧﺎن ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ

The Effect of Tai Chi Chuan Exercises on Happiness, Sleep Quality and Blood Pressure of Elderly Women

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان رﺷﺪ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﯿﺮي داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي ﯾﮑﯽ از دورانﻫﺎي ﺣﺴﺎس در زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ اﻓﺮاد در آن ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦﻫﺎي ورزﺷﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ دوره دارد. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦﻫﺎي ﺗﺎي ﭼﯽ ﭼﻮآن ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ، ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺧﻮاب و ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﻮن زﻧﺎن ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. روش ﮐﺎر: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﯿﻤﻪﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن و ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ زﻧﺎن ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﮐﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﺎزﻧﺸﺴﺘﮕﺎن آﻣﻮزش و ﭘﺮورش ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن وراﻣﯿﻦ در ﺳﺎل 1397 ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ 60 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در دو ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل )ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮوه 30 ﻧﻔﺮ( ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ 24 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ 45 دﻗﯿﻘﻪاي ﻫﻔﺘﻪاي ﺳﻪ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ( ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦﻫﺎي ﺗﺎي ﭼﯽ ﭼﻮآن را آﻣﻮزش دﯾﺪ و ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل در ﻟﯿﺴﺖ اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﺑﺮاي آﻣﻮزش ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺧﻮاب ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﻮن ﺑﺎ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻓﺸﺎرﺳﻨﺞ ﻋﻘﺮﺑﻪاي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي و ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮي ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار SPSS ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و ﯾﮏ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ، ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺧﻮاب و ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﻮن ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦﻫﺎي ﺗﺎي ﭼﯽ ﭼﻮآن ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ )F=212/94( و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺧﻮاب ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب )F=93/17( و ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﻮن ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻮﻟﯿﮏ )F=41/25( زﻧﺎن ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ )P<0/001(. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦﻫﺎي ﺗﺎي ﭼﯽ ﭼﻮآن ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺧﻮاب ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب و ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﻮن زﻧﺎن ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد ﮐﻪ از روش ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از روشﻫﺎي اﯾﻤﻦ و ﻣﻘﺮون ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻼﻣﺖ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد.

Introduction: In recent years, the elderly population has great grown and aging is one of the sensitive periods in life which the health of individuals in that is reduced. Also, sports exercises have an important role in the prevention and management of diseases in this period. For this purpose, this study aimed to determine the effect of Tai Chi Chuan exercises on happiness, sleep quality and blood pressure in older women. Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental from type of pre-test and post-test with control group. The research population was older women who members of the Education retirees association of Varamin county in the 2018 year. The research sample was 60 people selected by purposive sampling and assigned randomly to two experimental and control groups (each group 30 people). The experimental group trained Tai Chi Chuan exercises 24 sessions of 45 minutes (weekly three sessions) and the control group placed on the waiting list. The data collected by the questionnaires of happiness and sleep quality and blood pressure measured by scorpion barometer and analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method with the SPSS software version twenty one. Results: There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of happiness, sleep quality and blood pressure. In other words, the Tai Chi Chuan exercises led to increase happiness (F=212.94) and decrease undesirable sleep quality (F=93.17) and systolic blood pressure (F=41.25) of elderly women (P<0.001). Conclusions: The results showed that the Tai Chi Chuan exercises led to increase happiness and decrease undesirable sleep quality and blood pressure of older women. Therefore, it is recommended that from the mentioned method as one of the safe and affordable methods of complementary medicine used to improve the health of the elderly.