پديد آورندگان :
قادري، فرزاد دانشگاه اصفهان - گروه روان شناسي , بدخشيان، سميرا دانشگاه اصفهان - گروه مشاوره , اكرمي، ناهيد دانشگاه اصفهان - گروه روان شناسي
كليدواژه :
پديدارشناسي , تجارب زيسته , رشد پس از سانحه , ضايعه نخاعي
چكيده فارسي :
ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﻧﺨﺎﻋﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﻀﻼت ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺟﺴﻤﯽ و روﺣﯽ ﻋﺪﯾﺪهاي را ﺑﺮاي ﻓﺮد ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﯽآورد و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎﯾﯽ را در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻓﺮدي، ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ
ﭘﺪﯾﺪارﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ ﭘﺲ از آﺳﯿﺐ ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺎﯾﻌﻪ ﻧﺨﺎﻋﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. روش ﮐﺎر: ﻃﺮح ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺑﺮﭘﺎﯾﻪ روﯾﮑﺮد ﭘﺪﯾﺪارﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺎﯾﻌﻪ ﻧﺨﺎﻋﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن در ﺳﺎل 1397 ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ 16 ﻧﻔﺮ از اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺎﯾﻌﻪ ﻧﺨﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎن اﺷﺒﺎع دادهﻫﺎ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب
ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و از آﻧﺎن ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺣﻀﻮري ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻣﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺘﻦﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ روش ﮐﻼﯾﺰي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻣﻀﻤﻮنﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ، زﯾﺮﻣﻀﻤﻮن ﻫﺎي آنﻫﺎ و واﺣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه از ﻣﻀﻤﻮن در 5 ﻣﻀﻤﻮن اﺻﻠﯽ و 20 ﻣﻀﻤﻮن ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻣﯿﻨﻪاي )ﺷﺪت و ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ آﺳﯿﺐ، ﻋﻠﺖ آﺳﯿﺐ، ﺗﺄﻫﻞ و ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت(، وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي روان ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ )اﻧﮕﯿﺰه دروﻧﯽ، ﺧﻮش ﺑﯿﻨﯽ و اﻣﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮدي، ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪيﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ و ﭘﺬﯾﺮش آﺳﯿﺐ(، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ )ﺷﺮﮐﺖ در ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه آﺳﯿﺐ ﻧﺨﺎﻋﯽ، ﭘﯿﺪاﯾﺶ ﺷﻐﻞ، ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ، ﻋﺎﻃﻔﯽ و ﻫﻤﺪﻟﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و اﻃﺮاﻓﯿﺎن(، ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖﻫﺎ و آﻣﻮزشﻫﺎي ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ و رواﻧﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﮐﺎر درﻣﺎﻧﯽ و ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﺗﺮاﭘﯽ، ﺗﻮان ﺑﺨﺸﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯽ، ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي ﺷﻐﻠﯽ، درﯾﺎﻓﺖ آﻣﻮزشﻫﺎي روان ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻓﺮدي و ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ( و ﻣﻌﻨﻮﯾﺖ )ﮐﻤﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻨﻮﻋﺎن، ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﺎﺑﯽ، اﻋﺘﻘﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﯿﺖ اﻟﻬﯽ و ﺑﺎورﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و اﻋﺘﻘﺎدي( ﮐﺸﻒ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻫﺮﯾﮏ از ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻦ
ﻓﻮق داراي ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ رﺷﺪ ﭘﺲ از ﺳﺎﻧﺤﻪ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪي ﯾﮑﭙﺎرﭼﻪ و ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در اﯾﺠﺎد آن ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ زﻣﯿﻨﻪاي، ﻓﺮدي، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، رواﻧﯽ و ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﻧﻘﺶ دارﻧﺪ. ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﺸﻒ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ روش ﭘﺪﯾﺪارﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ زﯾﺴﺘﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﺪﯾﺪي در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ رﺷﺪ ﭘﺲ از آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺲ از ﺿﺎﯾﻌﻪ ﻧﺨﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻟﺰوم ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﺗﺠﺎرب زﯾﺴﺘﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻓﺮاد ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺎن روان شناسان و متخصصان، تاكيد دارد
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: Spinal cord injury is one of the problems of human societies, which causes many physical and emotional problems for a person and will have consequences for personal, family and social problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenomenological factors affecting post-traumatic growth in patients with spinal cord injury.
Methods: The qualitative research project was based on the phenomenological approach. The statistical population of the study included people with spinal cord injury in Isfahan in 2018. Among them, 16 individuals were selected based on the criteria for entering and leaving the research, semi-structured interviews, and data saturation. Then, the interviews were analyzed using a colaizzi method.
Results: As a result of the main themes, their sub-themes and semantic units supporting the theme in five main themes and 25 sub-themes include the underlying factors (severity and nature of injury, cause of injury, marital status and education), positive psychological characteristics (internal motivation, optimism and hope for recovery, personality abilities and acceptance of injury), social factors (participation in support groups for spinal cord injury, job creation, financial emotional support of family and others), medical care and Psychosocial education (work therapy and physiotherapy, rehabilitation of doing personal tasks, learning job skills, received individual and group psychological education) and spirituality (Helping people with similar problems, meaning, Belief in God's wisdom, Cultural beliefs and values). Each of the above themes has several semantic units supporting.
Conclusions: The discovered topics with the phenomenological method, based on the experience of living, provide new information on the factors affecting post-traumatic growth after spinal cord injury, which requires the elaboration of the life experiences of these individuals by caregivers, psychologists and experts.
