بررسي آثار آزادسازي نهاده هاي كودشيميايي و سم بر توليد برنج در استان گيلان

Study of impacts of liberalizing the agricultural pesticides and chemical fertilizers on rice production in Gilan province

Production of rice accounts for the pivot of agricultural economy in Gilan Province, and any fluctuation in its yield would accordingly affect the farmersʹ livelihood. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides have an effective contribution in rice production and they receive indirect subsidies, among the existing supports in framing operations. In past years, and upon the World Bankʹs recommendations to under-developed and developing countries, the government adopted certain policies on liberalization of input price and reduction of production subsidies to enhance agricultural productivity rate and to decrease environmental pollutions. This survey is to assess the impacts of lower application of the foregoing inputs on quality and quantity of rice yield and its production cost in Gilan Province. Moreover, this effort goes on estimating certain production functions followed by adoption of their best and computation of its potentials for input production. Besides, estimation of translog cost function was also made through ISUR method followed by calculation of self- pricing and transversal potentials, Alen Transversal potentials, demand functions for inputs, and analysis of the impacts of liberalization policies. In view of 1200 questionnaires filled through fully-random dual sampling, the collected figures were also analyzed and processed via researching method. The results approved that the production potential calculated for chemical fertilizers stresses their application in the second production area with higher economic performance. And in viewing its potentiality of demand function, there would be an increase of its price and decrease of its application if the price is practically liberalized. Therefore, upon comparison of direct and indirect losses and profits, it is concluded that liberalization policy for chemical fertilizerʹs price which would affect the rice production in Gilan province as the total losses, will overflow the total profits. Regarding the applied pesticides, it was identified that they can be utilized in the third production area based on calculated production potentiality. In addition, pesticide demand potentiality is highly intensive and hence its price increase would force its application in the second area i.e. economic area. However, the direct profits of liberalization policy on pesticide price is slightly higher than its direct losses, and the policy -makers may come to this conclusion that the above-mentioned scenario would impose a negative impact on rice production trend in Gilan province.