بررسي اپيدميولوژي سوختگي در سالمندان بالاي 60 سال

Epidemiologic study of burns in elderly people over 60 years old

زمينه و هدف: سوختگي از شايعترين آسيب‌هاي جسمي در جهان است. در افراد مسن، شعله و آب جوش به تنهايي، علت اصلي سوختگي هستند، كه مخصوصا در آشپزخانه و حمام اتفاق مي‌افتد. بيماران سوخته سالمند، نسبت به افراد جوانتر با سوختگي مشابه از بيماري و مرگ‌ومير بيشتر رنج مي‌برند، جلوگيري از سوختگي براي ادامه و كيفيت زندگي مهم است. هدف از اين مطالعه بررسي ويژگي‌هاي اپيدميولوژيك سوختگي در سالمندان بالاي 60 سال در ايران بود. روش بررسي: اين مطالعه به‌صورت مقطعي- توصيفي تحليلي انجام شد. سالمنداني كه با سوختگي‌هاي شديد در بيمارستان سوانح و سوختگي شهيد مطهري شهر تهران از فروردين ماه 1386 تا اسفند ماه 1392 بستري شدند از لحاظ سن، جنس، عامل سوختگي، درصد سوختگي، شدت سوختگي، ميزان مورتاليته و سرانجام سوختگي، مورد بررسي قرار گرفت. يافته‌ها: افراد مورد پژوهش 374 نفر بودند كه از اين تعداد 143 نفر زن (38/2%) و 231 نفر مرد (61/8%) بودند. شايعترين عللت سوختگي، آب جوش (20/3%) و (نفت بنزين-گازوييل) (19/8) بود. ارتباط آماري معناداري بين جنسيت و اتيولوژي، مدت اقامت در بيمارستان و مرگ‌ومير و نيز بين نتايج درمان و اتيولوژي و انگيزه سوختگي و همچنين بين انگيزه سوختگي و اتيولوژي وجود داشت (0/001

Background: Burns are one of the most devastating forms of trauma worldwide. In the elderly, flame and scald burns, or scalds alone, are the major causes of burns, occur at home, particularly in the kitchen and bathroom. Because elderly burned patients suffer from greater morbidity and mortality than younger patients with similar burn extents, preventing burns is paramount to continuing functionality and quality of life. Burns are largely explainable by characteristics of both the individual and the physical environment. Our study aims to analyses the epidemiologic characteristics of burn in the elderly (above 60 years old) in Iran. Methods: Records of elderly patients (aged 60 and older) admitted with acute burns to the Burn Center of the Shahid Motahari Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between March 2007 and March 2014 was carried out. Patient demographics, etiology of burn, mechanism of injury, burn extent, mortality, severity of burn, length of stay in hospital, and outcomes were reviewed. The information was analyzed by SPSS software, version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). T-test, oneway anova and K square were used. Results: A total of 374 elderly patients were admitted. Majority of the patients were men 231 (61.8%) and the number of women were 143(38.2%). The most common etiologies were scalds (20.3%) and (oil-benzine-gasoline) (19.8%). The mean age of the patient was 71.5 years, which was average in women (72) and men (70.5 years). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean age in both male and female groups, so that the mean age of women was significantly higher than men (P=0.004). There was a significant correlation between gender and (etiology, hospital staymortality) and between treatment outcome and (etiology and motivation) and between motivation and etiology (P<0.001). Conclusion: Boiling water was the main cause of burning in older women. Diminished senses, concentration disorders, slower reaction time, reduced mobility, and bedridden states may decrease elder's ability to identify fire and also to escape harm.