مشكلات پرستاران در به‌كارگيري روش‌هاي آماده‌سازي رواني كودك و مادر قبل از انجام رويه‌هاي دردناك

PROBLEMS OF NURSES IN USING THE METHODS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPARATION OF THE CHILD and THE MOTHER BEFORE THE PAINFUL PROCEDURES

ﭘﻴﺶﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ: ﺗﺪاﺑﯿﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ آﻣﺎدهﺳﺎزي رواﻧﯽ ﻗﺒﻞ از اﻧﺠﺎم روﯾﻪﻫﺎي دردﻧﺎك ﯾﮑﯽ از اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎري و ﺟﺰء وﻇﺎﯾﻒ آﻧﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪي ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎران در ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي روشﻫﺎي آﻣﺎدهﺳﺎزي رواﻧﯽ ﮐﻮدك و ﻣﺎدر ﻗﺒﻞ از اﻧﺠﺎم روﯾﻪﻫﺎي دردﻧﺎك ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻮدك ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﻔﺮ از ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎران ﺷﺎﻏﻞ در ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي اﻃﻔﺎل و 81 در ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﺑﺮ روي 1396 روش: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎل ﻣـﺎه ﮐـﺎر در ﺑﺨــﺶ ﮐﻮدﮐــﺎن را داﺷــﺘﻧﺪ، ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺗــﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده و از ﺷﯿﻔﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ 3 اورژاﻧﺲ اﻃﻔﺎل ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺣـﺪاﻗﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺧﺮوج اﻓﺮاد ﺷﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺆاﻻت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت دﻣﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ و ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ و ﻣﺸﮑﻼت 11 ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎران در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي روشﻫﺎي آﻣﺎدهﺳﺎزي رواﻧﯽ ﮐﻮدك و ﻣﺎدر ﺑﻮد.. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ روشﻫﺎي آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﻪوﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار آﻣﺎري ﻣﻮرد SPSS .5 ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. درﺻﺪ( داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎران ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ 89/7 درﺻﺪ( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ و ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت ﻟﯿﺴﺎﻧﺲ ) 96/7 ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: اﮐﺜﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮردﭘﮋوﻫﺶ زن ) (، ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد وﺳﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﺎزي و ﺳﺮﮔﺮﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 5 درﺻﺪ 86/7 ﻋﺪمﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﺪﯾﺮان از ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎران ) ،( درﺻﺪ93زﯾﺎد ﺑﻮدن ﺣﺠﻢ ﮐﺎري ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎران ) درﺻﺪ( ﮔﺰارش ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ. 70 درﺻﺪ( و ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷﯿﻔﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﺎري ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ) 73/3ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ) ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ: ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎران ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي اﻃﻔﺎل در ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ در آﻣﺎدهﺳﺎزي رواﻧﯽ ﮐﻮدك و ﻣﺎدر ﻗﺒﻞ از اﻧﺠﺎم روﯾﻪ دردﻧﺎك داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم روﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد و ﻧﯿﺰ از اﯾﺠﺎد ﻋﻮارض ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب روﺣﯽ- رواﻧﯽ در ﮐﻮدك و ﻣﺎدر ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ.

Background &Aim: Preventive measures for psychiatric preparation are one of the nursing practices and are part of their duties before painful procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate the problems of nurses in the use of child and maternal psychological preparation before painful procedures for the child. Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive study that was conducted randomly in hospitals of Mashhad in 2017 in a random sample of 81 nurses working in pediatric wards who had a history of at least 3 months working. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing questions about demographic characteristics and the most important barriers and problems of nurses regarding the use of child and maternal psychological. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 using descriptive statistics. Results: Most of samples are women (96.7%) and the level of education were bachelors (90.7%). Nurses reported their problems from the most disturbing as:large amount of work in the section comparing to the number of nurses (93%), management not supporting nurses (86.75%),lack of sufficient toys and entertainment tools (73.3%), improper arrangement of working shifts (70%). Conclusion: Nurses in pediatric wards, can play a significant role in the psychological preparation of the child and the mother before the painful procedure by using the findings of this research, which itself improves the quality of the procedure.