بررسي آلودگي ميكروبي آب مصرفي يونيت هاي دندانپزشكي شهرستان زاهدان در سال 1396-1395

Evaluation of Bacterial Contamination in Dental Unit Water Lines in Zahedan in 2016-2017

در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، 2304 ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ آب از ﭼﻬـﺎر ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﯾﻮﻧﯿﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﯿـﻮان ﭘـﺮ ﮐـﻦ، ﭘﻮارآب، ﻣﺠﺮاي ﺳﺮ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦ و ﮐــﻮﯾﺘﺮون و ﯾﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ آب از ﻣﻨﺒﻊ آب ﺷﻬﺮي ورودي ﺑــﻪ ﯾﻮﻧﯿﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي در اﺑﺘﺪا و اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ﮐﺎري روزاﻧﻪ و در روزﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺒﻪ و ﭼﻬﺎرﺷﻨﺒﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻃﺒﻖ روش اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺘـﺪ ذﺧﯿﺮه و ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ و آزﻣﻮن ﺷﻤﺎرش ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮيﻫﺎي ﻫﺘﺮوﺗﺮوف اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از روش آﻣﺎري وﯾﻠﮑﺎﮐﺴﻮن و ﻣﻦ وﯾﺘﻨﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﮐـﻞ ﻣﻌـﺎدل CFU/mL 184/32± 191/96 ﺗﻌﯿـﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ﻣﯿـﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ در روز ﺷﻨﺒﻪ 209/98±194/56 و ﭼﻬﺎرﺷﻨﺒﻪ 173/94±171/67 CFU/mL ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺷﺮوع ﮐﺎر 178/78±174/23 و در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﮐﺎر CFU/mL 205/14±193/07 ﺑـﻮد . ﻣﯿـﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦ و ﮐﻮﯾﺘﺮون ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻓﻼﺷـﯿﻨﮓ، ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﻣﻌﻨـﺎداري ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ داﺷـﺖ )P<0/05(. ﻣﯿـﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ در اول ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از آﺧﺮ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ و در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي روز ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ﮐﺎري ﺑﻮد )P<0/05(. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺑـﺎﻻي آب ﯾﻮﻧﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي دﻧﺪاﻧﭙﺰﺷﮑﯽ، دﻧﺪاﻧﭙﺰﺷﮑﺎن ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺑﻪ راهﻫـﺎي ﮐﻨﺘـــﺮل ﻣﯿﮑﺮوارﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب ﯾﻮﻧﯿﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻢ ﮐﺮدن ﺧﻄـــﺮ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن و ﺑﯿﻤﺎران اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮاﻧﻪ ﻣﻨاسب را به كار ببرند

Background & Aim: Due to a constant contact of dentists and patients with water and aerosols generated from the dental units, the quality of dental unit waters is very important. This study aimed to evaluate bacterial contamination of dental unit water lines in Zahedan in 2016-2017. Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 2304 water samples from four parts of unit including cup filler, water spray, turbine duct, cavitroon and a sample from city water reservoir were collected. Water samples were taken on Saturday and Wednesday, before and after treatment on the same unit. Samples were transported in closed sterile containers to microbiology laboratory. All samples were incubated on Standard Method Handbook. Then, the grown colonies were counted in term of growth of heterotrophic bacteria. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney statistical tests were used for data analysis. Results: Total means bacterial count was 191.96±184.32 colonies per milliliter (CFU/mL). Mean bacterial contamination on Saturday 209.98±194.56 (CFU/mL) was more severe than that of Wednesday 173.94±171.67 (CFU/mL). Mean bacterial contamination before treatment 178.78±174.23 (CFU/mL) was less than the end of treatment 205.14±193.07 (CFU/mL). Also, mean bacterial contamination of turbines and cavitroon after flushing was decreased significantly (P < 0/05). Mean bacterial contamination on Saturday and Wednesday was also decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Due to high contamination of Dental Unit Water Lines, the dentists must be aware of the high level of microorganisms in the dental unit's water and take preventive strategies to minimize the risk of infection in both staff and patient