اثر نانوذرات دي‌اكسيد تيتانيوم (TiO2)، نور و ساكارز بر جوانه‌زني و رشد دانهال توت سياه (.Morus nigra L) در شرايط درون‌شيشه‌اي

The Effect of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles, Light and Sucrose on Germination and Seedlings Growth of Mulberry (Morus nigra L.) in In Vitro Conditions

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﺗﻮت ﺳﯿﺎه ﺑﻮﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪاي و ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ داراي اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺳﺎزي ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ ﺗﻮت ﺳﯿﺎه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺬر در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺪه، ﺳﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺰا در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﮑﺮار در آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﮔﺮوه ﺑﺎﻏﺒﺎﻧﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﭼﻤﺮان اﻫﻮاز اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ اول ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دو ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﺎرﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﻮري 16 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ روﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ و 8 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺗﺎرﯾﮑﯽ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ دوم ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎﮐﺎرز )0 )ﺻﻔﺮ(، 15، 20 و 30 ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ( و آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺳﻮم ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺬور ﺑﺮ روي ﻣﺤﯿﻂﮐﺸﺖ MS ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮي 15 ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﮐﺎرز و ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات اﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﺗﯿﺘﺎﻧﯿﻮم )0 )ﺻﻔﺮ(، 0/2، 0/4، 0/6 و 1 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻟﯿﺘﺮ( در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ 16 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ روﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ اول ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ 16 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ روﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ و 8 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺗﺎرﯾﮑﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﻬﺘﺮي ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺗﻮت ﺳﯿﺎه دارد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ دوم ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 15 ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﮐﺎرز ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ روي ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ، وزنﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ و رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪ و ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪ اﺛﺮ ﺑﻬﺘﺮي داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺳﻮم ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 0/4 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات دياﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﺗﯿﺘﺎﻧﯿﻮم ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ، ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺬور ﺗﻮت ﺳﯿﺎه، از ﻣﺤﯿﻂﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات دياﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﺗﯿﺘﺎﻧﯿﻮم ﺑﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 0/4 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﻮري 16 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ روﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ و 8 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺗﺎرﯾﮑﯽ و ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺳﺎﮐﺎرز ﺑﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 15 ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد.

Mulberry is an Iranian native tree valuable in terms of nutritional and green space. In order to optimization the mulberry propagation through seed in vitro condition, three experiments on the basis of completely randomized design in five replications was performed in Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The first experiment consist of two treatments of darkness and light conditions (16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness), the second experiment consist of different concentrations of sucrose (0, 15, 20 and 30g/l), and the third experiment was consist of different concentrations the titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 1mg.L-1) with 15g/l sucrose under 16 hours photoperiod using MS medium. The results of first experiment showed that putting up the mulberry seeds exposure to 16 hours photoperiod had the better effect on germination indices. The results of the second experiment showed that adding sucrose in 15 g/l concentration to medium, promoted germination percentage and rate, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and shoot length indices. For the third experiment it was appeared that treatment with 0.4mg.L-1 titanium dioxide nanoparticles had the best effect compared to other concentrations. According to the results, for optimum germination of mulberry seeds in vitro condition, it is recommended that using MS medium contain 0.4mg.L-1 titanium oxide nanoparticles and 15g/l sucrose under 16 hours photoperiod.