بازنمايي شخصيت شيخ فضل الله نوري در تاريخ نگاري گفتمان اسلام گراي دوره جمهوري اسلامي

Representation of Sheikh Fazlollah Noori in the Historiography of Islamist Discourse in the Islamic Republic Era

شيخ فضل الله نوري در تاريخ نگاري گفتمان مشروطه خواه به عنوان شخصيتي منفي بازنمايي شد كه در آغاز به طرفداري از مشروطه پرداخت، اما در نهايت اختلافاتش با دو رهبر روحاني ديگر مشروطه خواه، سيد محمد طباطبايي و سيد عبدالله بهبهاني، موجب شد به صف مخالفان مشروطه و طرفداران استبداد بپيوندد و با محمدعلي شاه همكاري كند، امري كه از يك سو باعث دلگرمي شاه در كشتار و سركوب مشروطه خواهان و از ديگر سو باعث محاكمه و اعدام شيخ شد. اما در دوره جمهوري اسلامي در تقابل با اين بازنمايي، بازنمايي هاي ديگري ارائه گرديد. مسئله اين پژوهش اين است كه در دوره جمهوري اسلامي چه بازنمايي هايي از شخصيت شيخ فضل الله نوري جايگزين بازنمايي يادشده در تاريخ نگاري گفتمان مشروطه خواه شد؟ و چرا؟ براي بررسي اين مسئله از روش تحليل گفتمان انتقادي، به ويژه رويكرد گفتماني تاريخي وداك استفاده شد. يافته هاي اين پژوهش نشان مي دهد در دوره جمهوري اسلامي متأثر از بافت سياسي اجتماعي كه ويژگي ضد شاهنشاهي، ضد غرب و غربزدگي، ضد امپرياليسم و ضد روشنفكري داشت، شيخ فضل الله نوري به عنوان شخصيتي بزرگ و مثبت بازنمايي گرديد كه مستقل و طرفدار ولايت فقيه و حكومت اسلامي و طبيعتاً مخالفت سلطنت و غربزدگي بود، همانند همه روحانيون به مبارزه بي امان با استعمار و استبداد پرداخت و به اشاره استعمار در اين راه به شهادت رسيد.

Sheikh Fazlollah Noori was represented as a negative figure in constitutionalism discourse’s historiography as someone who defended the constitution revolution at the beginning yet finally due to his disagreement with two other constitutionalist clergy leaders, Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei and Seyyed Abdollah Behbahani lead him to join anti-constitutionalists and become an advocate of despotism, and accompany Mohammad Ali Shah; the shift that at the one hand encouraged the Shah to murder and suppress constitutionalists, eventually leading to Sheikh’s trial and execution. But during Islamic Republic reign, another representation had been presented against the representation. The research question is that in the era of Islamic Republic which and why representations of Sheikh Fazlollah Noori did replace the noted representation in historiography of constitutionalism discourse? For this problem, Critical Discourse Analysis Method, specially Wodak’s Discourse Historical Approach, is applied. Findings show that in the period of Islamic Republic, influenced by social-political context which characterized as anti-monarchy, anti-West and Gharbzadegi (Westernized), anti-imperialism and anti-intellectual, Sheikh Fazlollah Noori was represented as a great and positive character who was independent, advocate of Velayat-e Faqih (Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist) and Islamic government, and obviously opposite of monarchy and Westernization, like all clergymen resisted ceaselessly against colonization and despotism, and died a martyr in this way.