پديد آورندگان :
شفيعي، مژگان دانشگاه تهران - دانشكده ادبيات و علوم انساني , ملاصالحي، حكمت الله دانشگاه تهران - گروه باستانشناسي , اسكندري، نصير دانشگاه جيرفت - گروه باستان شناسي , دانشي، علي ميراث فرهنگي جيرفت
كليدواژه :
وكيل آباد , دشت ارزوييه , تپه يحيي , ساليابي مطلق , روش طيف سنج جرمي شتاب دهنده (AMS)
چكيده فارسي :
عصر مس و سنگ جنوب شرق ايران به علت وفور و غناي محوطه هاي عصر مفرغ اين منطقه ازجمله كنارصندل، شهر سوخته و شهداد، كمتر موردتوجه محققان و باستان شناسان قرارگرفته است درحاليكه فرهنگهاي عصر مفرغ ريشه در فرهنگهاي دوره مس سنگي دارند. ازاينروي مطالعه فرهنگ هاي پيش از هزاره سوم ق.م يك ضرورت است. دره ي صوغان واقع در جنوب استان كرمان بهواسطه دربرداشتن تپه يحيي در باستان شناسي ايران شناختهشده است كه كماكان مبناي توالي فرهنگي و گاهنگاري منطقه به شمار ميرود. پس از گذشت حدود نيم سده از كاوش تپه يحيي، كاوش محوطه پيشازتاريخي تپه وكيل آباد بهعنوان يك محوطه شاخص عصر مس و سنگ جنوب شرق ايران، ما را در شناخت بهتر فرهنگ هاي اين دوره ياري خواهد داد. پژوهش حاضر به معرفي تپه وكيلآباد و نتايج كاوش لايهنگاري آن مي پردازد. در راستاي دستيابي به يك گاهنگاري بهروز از فرهنگ هاي پيشازتاريخ منطقه، تعداد 6 نمونه ذغال با استفاده از ساليابي مطلق كربن 14 و روش طيفسنج جرمي شتابدهنده (AMS)، جهت تاريخگذاري مورد آزمايش قرار گرفت. نظر به اينكه گاهنگاري ارائهشده از جنوب شرق ايران به نتايج حاصل از كاوش هاي قديمي تپه يحيي و تل ابليس بازميگردد، چندان قابلاعتماد نيست. اين مقاله، ضمن توضيح كاوش تپه وكيلآباد، به بعضي از ايرادات جدول گاهنگاري جنوب شرق ايران ميپردازد و گاهنگاري هاي پيشين را مورد ارزيابي قرار مي دهد. طبق يافته هاي سفالي، فرهنگ يحيي V را در اين محوطه شاهد هستيم و بر اساس آزمايش ساليابي مطلق، اين محوطه تاريخ اوايل هزاره پنجم تا اواخر همين هزاره را دربر مي گيرد. نتايج ساليابي مطلق بهدستآمده از فرهنگ هاي مسسنگي تپه وكيلآباد نشان داد كه گاهنگاري هاي قديمي ارائهشده براي توالي فرهنگي تپه يحيي و جنوب شرق ايران نيازمند بازنگري است. بدين گونه كه زمان آغازين هر يك از فرهنگ هاي شناختهشده دوره نوسنگي با سفال و مس سنگي تپه يحيي، بايستي دستكم به چند سده قبل تر بازگردد
چكيده لاتين :
After half a century, a new excavation project was launched in Orzu’iyeh (Soghan valley), southeastern Iran where the well-published Tepe Yahya is located. Tepe Yahya was discovered in 1967 by a
survey team from Harvard University under the direction of C.C. Lamberg-Karlovsky. It was
occupied, with interruptions, from the late Neolithic to the early Sasanian period. Indeed, Tepe Yahya
remains the main controlled excavation carried out to date within south east Iran. According to the
cultural sequence of Tepe Yahya, periods VI and V appeared to be the Chalcolithic levels of the site
(6th-4th Millennium BC). This paper intends to present the results of a new excavation project in this
area. Due to the exciting discovery of major Bronze Age urban centers in south-eastern Iran, such as
Shahr e Sukhteh (Sistan), Shahdad and Konar Sandal (Jiroft), most scholarly attention has been given
to the 3rd millennium BC. As a result, the cultures preceding the Bronze Age have been often
neglected, whereas the Bronze Age cultures had developed from the Chalcolithic ones. Tepe
Vakilabad, as a Chalcolithic key site in the south-eastern Iran, would help us to recognize better the
cultures of this era. This mound is located in the Orzu'iyeh district in the south west of Kerman
province, south-eastern Iran. The area of Orzu'iyeh is known in the archeology of Iran due to the
presence of Tepe Yahya and also to its strategic location. This area is a natural corridor drawn in the
east-west direction connecting south of Kerman province to Fars. The eastern part of this plain
includes Soghun Valley (where Tepe Yahya is situated), and the middle and western parts are
respectively Dowlatabad and Vakilabad plains. This mound contains more than 4 meters of cultural
layers belonging to the chalcolithic periods which reveal how important this site could be, but
unfortunately, it is badly damaged and bulldozed. This paper states the results of the stratigraphy
excavation of Tepe Vakilabad, where a total of 6 C-14 radiocarbon charcoal samples were collected
from the only trench of this mound and analyzed by the Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (AMS)
method in the laboratory of university of Lyon, France. Since the chronology of south-eastern Iran is
based on the old and not very precise results of Tepe Yahya and Tal-Iblis excavations, it needs the
revision. The main objective of this study was to go through the chronology table of south-eastern
Iran and discuss it critically with the aid of Vakilabad and the other recent excavations results of the
region, such as Tepe Dehno Shahdad. According to a comparative analysis based on the ceramics of
this excavated settlement site, it could be concluded that Vakilabad belongs to Yahya V culture, and
based on the absolute dating results (mostly ceramics), this site dates back to the early fifth
millennium BC to the mid-fifth millennium BC. Finally, the Chalcolithic cultures of the southern Iran
will be discussed in a broader context of Near East. It is obvious that the reappraisal of the
chronology of this vast cultural region needs further studies, where the present paper may be able to
collaborate in these researches.