تاثير افكار هشيار و ناهشيار مرگ بر جهت گيري اهداف

Effect of conscious and unconscious death thought On goal orientations

نظريه مديريت وحشت، سعي در تبيين پديدآيي حس خود و رفتارهاي اجتماعي بشر در سايه ميل به بقا و گريز از وحشت حاصل از مرگ دارد. ادعا مي شود افكار هشيار مرگ، اهداف دروني و افكار ناهشيار مرگ اهداف بيروني را برجسته خواهد كرد (شلدون و كاسر، 2008). پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزيابي رابطه بين سطح هشياري افكار مرتبط با مرگ با جهت گيري اهداف بر روي 30 نفر از دانشجويان دختر دانشگاه تهران در قالب دو گروه آزمايش اجرا گرديد. گروه آزمايشي اول دقيقا پس از ارائه محرك يادآورنده مرگ، و گروه دوم پس از يك بازه زماني مشخص ليست اهداف خود را طي 10 سال آينده تعيين كردند. سپس اين با مراجعه به 120 نفر از دانشجويان دانشگاه تهران دروني يا بيروني بودن اهداف يادشده مشخص گرديد. نتايج آزمون يومن ويتني براي مقايسه ميانگين دو گروه (0/01>p) حاكي از اين است كه بين دو گروه بدون فاصله زماني (8/33=mean rank) و بافاصله زماني (22/67=mean rank) از لحاظ گزارش اهداف دروني يا بيروني تفاوت معناداري برقرار است. درنتيجه مي توان نتيجه گرفت در صورتي كه افراد با محرك يادآورنده مرگ مواجه شده و افكار ناهشيار مرگ برانگيخته شوند، اهداف بيروني و درغير اين صورت اهداف دروني را بر مي گزينند. يافته ها را براساس نحوه پردازش اطلاعات طي روش هاي مداخلاتي تبيين كرديم.

Terror management theory- which is a social psychology theory and inspired by evolutionary, psychodynamic and existential approaches - attempts to explain formation of sense of self and social behaviors with attention to survival tendency and escape from terror of death. This theory suggests two kinds of defenses in confrontation of death thoughts (proximal and distal defenses) and claims conscious thoughts of death bring proximal defenses (denial and distraction) and unconscious thoughts of death bring distal defenses (cultural worldview and enhancing self-esteem). Recent researches have showed death thoughts may cause people to reprioritize their goals. Conscious thoughts of death make intrinsic goals salience and unconscious thoughts of death highlights extrinsic goals (Sheldon & Kasser, 2008). This study aims to assess relation between consciousness levels of thoughts about death and goal orientations. Also a question to answer is if intrinsic motives mediate the relation between the two variables. Sample of this study consists of 45 female students of psychology of University of Tehran which have been placed in three 15-person-groups (two experimental groups and one control group). After a reminder of mortality, first experimental group filled out the goal list in next 10 years and second experimental group also filled out the goal list but after an interval which was designed to provoke their unconscious death thoughts. Control group also filled out the goal list, but they were received an intervention irrelevant to death. Then 200 people were asked to decide the subjects’ goal orientations on the basis of being intrinsic or extrinsic. results of U Mann- Whitney test for comparing the mean of two groups (p<0.1) indicate a significant difference, in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic goals, between the two groups: one with time interval (mean rank= 33.8) and the other one without time interval (mean rank= 67.22). in conclusion, if an individual has been confronted with a stimulus of motality salience reminders and in return unconscious thoughts of death have been have been evoked, he or she would choose extrinsic goals instead of intrinsic ones. these findings have been explained based on information processing through intervention methods.