نگرش معلمان به روش‌هاي ياددهي-يادگيري آموزش كارآفريني در دوره ي ابتدايي

Teachers' Attitudes toward Teaching-Learning Methods of Entrepreneurship Education in Elementary Education

مقدمه: امروزه اهميت كارآفريني در سيستم اقتصادي منجر به توسعه آن در بخش‌هاي بنيادين يك كشور از جمله آموزش‌و‌پرورش شده است. از اين رو از آنجا كه آموزش كارآفريني عامل مهمي در رشد و توسعه خصيصه‌هاي كارآفريني در دانش‌آموزان به حساب مي‌آيد، هدف پژوهش حاضر مطالعه‌ي نگرش معلمان به روش‌هاي ياددهي- يادگيري آموزش كارآفريني در دوره ابتدايي بود. روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر به شيوه‌ي توصيفي و به روش پيمايشي انجام شده است. جامعه‌ي آماري شامل كليه‌ مهارت‌آموزان آموزگار ابتدايي ماده‌ي 28 ورودي سال 1396 و در نهايت گروه نمونه شامل 44 نفر از مهارت‌آموزان آموزگاري ابتدايي داوطلب بودند. جهت جمع‌آوري اطلاعات از پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته استفاده گرديد. روايي محتوايي پرسشنامه به روش نظرخواهي از صاحبنظران و اعتماد يا پايايي آن با استفاده از روش آلفاي كرونباخ 94/. تأييد شد. داده‌هاي جمع‌آوري شده با استفاده از نرم‌افزار spss v 24 و آزمون كالموگروف-اسميرنوف جهت اطمينان از نرمال بودن توزيع داده‌ها و آزمون تي تك نمونه به منظور بررسي نگرش معلمان در ابعاد فنون تدريس، محتوا و ارزشيابي از منظر كارآفريني در دوره ابتدايي تجزيه و تحليل گرديدند. يافته‌ها: يافته‌هاي حاصل از پژوهش بيانگر اين بودند كه ميانگين و انحراف استاندارد بعد فنون تدريس 0/65±4/11؛ بعد ارائه ي محتوا 18/69±4/0؛ و نهايتاً بعد ارزشيابي 0/67± 3/95بود كه از ميانگين آماري بزرگتر و اين تفاوت در سطح 0/01 معنادار شد. زيرا (0/01

Introduction: Today, the importance of entrepreneurship in the economic system has led to its development in the fundamental sectors of a country, including education and training. Since entrepreneurship education is an important factor in the development of entrepreneurship characteristics of students, the purpose of this study was to study the attitudes of teachers toward teaching and learning methods of entrepreneurship education in elementary schools. Methods: The present study was conducted descriptively and survey method. The statistical population consisted of all elementary school teacher trainees in the year 2017, and the sample group consisted of 44 volunteer trainees. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect informations. The validity of the contents of the questionnaire was confirmed by seeking opinion of the experts and its reliability was assessed using the Cronbach's alpha (0.94) test. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS V. 24 software and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to ensure the normal distribution of the data and the T-test was done in order to assess teachers' attitude towards teaching techniques, content and evaluation were analyzed from the perspective of entrepreneurship in elementary school. Results: The results of the research indicated that the mean and standard deviation of the teaching technique was 4.11 ± 0.65; the content presentation was 4.18 ± 0.69; and finally, the evaluation value was 3.95 ± 0. 67 which was larger than the mean and this difference was significant at the level of 0.01. (p <0.01); therefore, with 99% confidence, teachers' attitude toward entrepreneurship in the elementary period is positive and significant. Conclusion: Teachers are one of the most important factors affecting entrepreneurship education in elementary school. Because of their special role in teaching, if they have a good attitude and entrepreneurial insight, they can integrate entrepreneurship education with teaching and learning strategies in their teaching and can act an important role facilitating the development of creative people with a spirit and entrepreneurial attitude.