پديد آورندگان :
اشرف زاده, رضا دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي مشهد , رادمنش, شهرزاد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي مشهد , قوام, ابوالقاسم دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد
چكيده فارسي :
عمدۀ مختصات زبان در شاهنامۀ فردوسي، بر گفت‌وگو محوري استوار است، در جوار اين گفتارها، با خودگويي شخصيّت‌ها نيز مواجه مي‌شويم. نقش خودگويي، براي گفت‌وگوهاي تنهايي به كار مي‌رود و شيوهاي از روايت است كه تجربيّات عاطفيِ شخصيّت‌هاي داستان، در سطوح مختلف ذهن، نشان داده مي‌شود و به جريان سيّال ذهن نزديك است. اين مرحلۀ پيش از گفتار، زمزمۀ دروني است كه شخصيت براي تبيين موقعيّت‌ها و ارائۀ ذهن خويش، از آن بهره مي‌برد. زبان و خودگويي در ادبيّات، دو نظام نشانگي است و سعي دارد محتويات ذهن شخصيت را به تصوير بكشد. خودگويي در شاهنامه، توليد معنا مي‌كند و داراي كاربردهاي مفهومي است. در اين مقاله از منظر پيوند ادبيات با روان‌شناسي، ابيات مربوط به خودگويي در شاهنامه با دو روش پژوهشي كيفي و كمّي تبيين شده است كه بيانگر ارتباط معناداري، بين خودگويي و شخصيّت‌پردازي، در شاهنامۀ فردوسي است. نتيجه آن‌كه خودگوييها در كنش‌گري شخصيت‌ها كه شامل كردار، اقدام يا مقابله هستند، برخوردي منفعلانه، نشان دادند. به اين معنا كه در خودگويي؛ بيان انديشه و مافي‌الضمير صورت گرفته و ارتباط مستحكمي ميان خودگويي و كنش و واقعۀ بعد از خودگويي وجود ندارد و به عبارتي، از جانب شخصيت، كنشي متفاوت و منفعلانه انجام مي‌گيرد كه اغلب در تضاد با خودگويي است كه زمزمه كرده است. در حالي‌كه ارتباط وجوه و لايه‌هاي شخصيت و نماياندن مكنونات شخصيت به وسيلۀ خودگويي به مراتب مؤثرتر و شفاف‌تر نمودار شده است. در اين مسير، خودآگاهي هم جريان مي‌يابد و ترسيم بهتر شخصيّت‌پردازي رخ مي‌دهد. در تحليل محتوا مشخص شد، خودگوترين شخصيت شاهنامه با (23) بيت رستم و سپس به ترتيب سياوش (20) بيت و كي‌كاووس (18بيت)، خودگوترين شخصيت‌ها هستند.
چكيده لاتين :
Most of the features of language in Shahnameh are based on dialogues and speeches by which we come across the characters. The role of self-talking is used for longer conversations which are narratives that show the emotional experiences of the characters by different levels of emotions. This is an internal approach by which each character expresses the situations and the way of thinking. Language and self-expression in literature are two factors which illustrate the contents of personality. Self-expression in Shahnameh means production and conceptual applications. In this paper, which uses the viewpoint of linking Post-structural narrative with psychology (extracted from thesis), the abstract of self-expression in Shahnameh has been characterized by two qualitative and quantitative research methods, which indicates a significant relationship between self-talking and personality in Shahnameh.
key words: speech, self-talk, personality, action
Introduction
One of the features of language is its multi-functionality. "Tongue, playing a variety of roles such as creating communication, facilities the process of thinking, selftalk and aesthetic hadith in human societies. The interior monologue is a type of singularity. The character in the self-talk speaks his thought and feelings so that the audience, the reader or the viewer of his intentions and intentions, becomes aware. By expressing the feelings and thoughts of the personality, the advancement of the story is assisted. The function of selfishness or self-talk is the internal whisper that conveys the human minds continuously. Moreover, the human beings use it to express their positions and communicate with each other.
In Shahnameh, sometimes the author uses the self-expression method to reflect the characters’ minds in order to transfer the character, emotion, purpose, and thoughts of the person in another way. Understanding this meaning comes up with a critique of Post-Structural Psychoanalysis and accordingly, a new definition of the text occurs.
Methods
Many researchers now consider a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches to fully understand the phenomena and use a multidisciplinary approach. According to the method of quantitative content analysis, the unit of observation is 1 bit. Therefore, self-reported verses were extracted and numbered from Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. The coding in the next chapter, which is the discussion of self-talk, is in accordance with the qualitative method and the quantitative method.
Aims
Psychologists today adopt an integrative approach to address these issues that draws on multiple disciplines, including social, personality, clinical, developmental, and neuroscience. In this research, two studies are employed from Ethan Cross Professor at the University of Michigan. Utilizing self-talk from the point of view of literature and psychology, the consistency of the verses from Shahnameh with these articles was in accordance.
Findings
Based on the conducted study in this paper, it is pointed out that the most self-talked personality are Rostam and then Siavash and lastly Kikavus.
Conclusions
The result shows that, in Shahnameh, the narration of stories that are self-talk and related to the ways in which the flow of the mind is related to itself, is the significant factor which provides the flow of the stories. This kind of narrative style has helped to characterize Shahnameh.
