مولفه هاي تجددگرايي در شعر تقي رفعت

Components of Modenism in Taqi Rafàt’s Poetry

نخستين كساني كه به بحث نظري درباره تجدد ادبي پرداختند، روشنفكران مشروطه خواه و ناسيوناليست بودند كه مبتني بر انديشه سياسي و اجتماعي خود بر ضرورت تجدد ادبي نيز تاكيد مي كردند. جريان تجددگرايي ادبي رفته رفته توسعه يافت و دو جريان محافظه كار و افراطي تجددگرا در ادبيات فارسي ظهور كرد. تقي رفعت يكي از نمايندگان برجسته جريان افراطي تجددگراست. اين پژوهش به مطالعه مولفه هاي تجددگرايي از سه جنبه شيوه بيان، هويت گوينده و مخاطب و ارتباط آن ها، و موضوع در شعر رفعت مي پردازد و مي كوشد به اين پرسش ها پاسخ دهد كه جنبه هاي مختلف تجددگرايي در شعر رفعت چيست و اين كاربردهاي متجددانه چه ارتباطي با جريان هاي فكري سياسي اجتماعي عصر خود دارد. بررسي اشعار رفعت نشان مي دهد كه در هر سه جنبه ذكرشده نمودهاي تجددگرايانه شاخصي مي توان ملاحظه كرد، به نحوي كه تجددگرايي را مي توان محوري ترين مولفه در شعر او تلقي كرد. اين جنبه هاي تجددگرايانه در شعر او در ارتباطي دوسويه با تجددگرايي سياسي و اجتماعي است كه جريان هاي فكري ناسيوناليسم ايراني و مشروطه خواه مروج و هوادار آن بودند.

Constitutionist and nationalist intellectuals were the first group that discussed modernism in literature theoretically, emphasizing the necessity of literary modernism, based on their political and social ideas. The movement of literary modernism came to develop and two movments of literary medernim, the conservatist and radical movements, appeared. Taqi Rafàt was one of the prominent writers and poets in the radical movement. This research studies components of modernism in Rafàt’s poetry from three points of view: the style of expression, identity of the sender and the receiver and their relation, and the subject, and attempts to answer the questions that what aspects of modernism are in Rafàt’s poetry and what relationship is between modernist instances in his poetry and his contemporary modernist social and political movements. Study of his poetry shows that there are prominent aspects of modernism in his poetry from the three points of view and so modernism could be known as the centre component in it. These modern aspects have a dialectical relationship with social and political modernism, of wich the Iranian nationalism movement and the Constitutionism movement were supporters.