ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺻﻞ ﻓﺮاﻓﮑﻦ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده در ﭼﻨﺪ زﺑﺎن اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﭘﯿﺶ از اﺳﻼم ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس دﺳﺘﻮر زاﯾﺸﯽ

Extended Projection Principle in Avestan, Old, and Middle Persian Based on Generative Grammar

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﺪة ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﮥ ﮐﻤﯿﻨﻪ ﮔﺮا، ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻓﺎﻋﻞ را در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي اوﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ، ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺎن و ﻓﺎرﺳـ ﯽ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺻﻞ ﻓﺮاﻓﮑﻦ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از اﯾﻦ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺸﺨّﺼﮥ اﺻﻞ ﻓﺮاﻓﮑﻦ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده در آن ﻫﺎ ﻗﻮي اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ زﺑﺎنﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﮥ ﻧﻘﺸﯽ زﻣﺎن ﭘﺲ از ارزش ﮔﺬاري ﻣﺸﺨّﺼﮥ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮔﺮوه اﺳﻤﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻣﺸﺨّﺺ ﮔـﺮ ﮔﺮوه ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ و درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ارزش ﻣﺸﺨّﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﯽ ﺧﻮد از ﻫﻤﺎن ﮔﺮوه اﺳﻤﯽ، ﻧﯿﺎز دارد ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﮔﺮوه اﺳﻤﯽ از ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻣﺸﺨّﺺ ﮔﺮ ﮔﺮوه ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻣﺸﺨّﺺ ﮔﺮ ﺧﻮد ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺪﯾﻦوﺳﯿﻠﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ اﺻﻞ ﻓﺮاﻓﮑﻦ ﮔﺴﺘﺮدة ﺧﻮد، را ﺑﺎزﺑﯿﻨﯽ و ﺣﺬف ﻧﻤﺎﯾـ ﺪ. اﯾـﻦ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺑﯿﺎنﮔﺮ ﻗﻮيﺑﻮدن ﻣﺸﺨّﺼﮥ اﺻﻞ ﻓﺮاﻓﮑﻦ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده در اﯾﻦ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺑﻘـﺎﯾﯽ در ﮔـﺮوه ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺻﻞ ﺗﯿﻎ اوﮐﺎم و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ زﺑﺎﻧﯽ، در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي دروﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪة اﯾﻦ زﺑﺎن ﻫـﺎ ، ﺗﺮﺗﯿـﺐ ﺑـﯽ ﻧﺸـﺎن آراﯾﺶ واژﮔﺎﻧﯽ زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﻋﻞ + ﻣﻔﻌﻮل + ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ، اﻣّﺎ در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﻪ، ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﻮع ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن دار و ﯾﺎ ﺑﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻧﺤﻮي ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺴﺐ ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿـﺖ ﻫـﺎي دﯾﮕـﺮي در ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ.

This research studies the Extended Projection Principle and explains the status of subject construction in the sentences of Avestan, Old, and Middle Persian based on the Generative Grammar. The results show that the Extended Projection Principle feature in those languages is strong and the tense functional head after valuation of the case feature on the noun phrase in the specifier of little verb phrase and receiving the proper valuation for its phi-feature from the same noun phrase, should have a noun phrase in its specifier based on the Extended Projection Principle. In those languages, the subject cannot remain in the specifier of the little verb phrase and should move to upper functional head due to the strength of the Extended Projection Principle. This study shows that the unmarked word order in the embedded sentences of those languages is subject-object-verb order but in the matrix sentences, the constructions can move to other positions based on the scrambling.