ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ زﺑﺎن ﻃﻨﺰ در ﻣﺜﻞﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ

A Study on Sistani Satirical Proverbs

اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﯿﻮهﻫﺎي زﺑﺎن ﻃﻨﺰ در ﺿﺮباﻟﻤﺜﻞﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﮔﻮﯾﺶ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ، ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮدم ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺮﻗﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﯿﺴﺘﺎن و ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن، ﻧﺎﺣﯿﮥ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﺎن زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺳﯿﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﺘﯽ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﺰار ﺳﺎﻟﻪ، ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از زﺑﺎن، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و آداﺑﯽ ﮐﻬﻦ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. وﺟﻮد ﻣﺜﻞﻫﺎي ﻓﺮاوان در اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﯾﺶ، ﻣﺆﯾّﺪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﺳﺖ. ﮔﺮدآوري دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﻮﯾﺸﻮر ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮة ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ – ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از ﻣﯿﺎن ﺣﺪود ﻫﻔﺘﺼﺪ ﺿﺮباﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﺟﻤﻊآوريﺷﺪه، ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻮاردي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ زﺑﺎن ﻃﻨﺰ در آنﻫﺎ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﮐﻼم و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ در ﻣﺜﻞﻫﺎ ﺣﺪود ﻫﻔﺪه ﻣﺆﻟّﻔﮥ ﻃﻨﺰآﻣﯿﺰ از اﻏﺮاق، ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺾ دروﻧﯽ، ﻗﯿﺎس اﻣﻮر ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎر، اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻧﻘﯿﻀﯿﻦ، ﻃﻨﺰ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ، ﺗﺎﺑﻮﺷﮑﻨﯽ، ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎي ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﯽ و... ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﺎﺑﻮﺷﮑﻨﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد را دارد و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎي ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و زﻧﺪﮔﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي دارد. اﯾﻦ اﻧﺪازه ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻃﻨﺰ و ﻫﺰل در زﺑﺎﻧﺰدﻫﺎي ﻣﺮدم، ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ آﺷﻔﺘﮕﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ در ادوار ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺮدم ﺳﯿﺴﺘﺎن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﺎن ﺷﻮﺧﯽ و ﻣﻄﺎﯾﺒﻪ، ﺳﻌﯽ در ﺑﯿﺎن زﺷﺘﯽﻫﺎ و ﻣﻌﻀﻼت ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن ﺧﻮد داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ.

This study aims to identify the styles of satirical language in proverbs of Sistan. Sistani dialect is related to the people who live in northeast of Sistan and Baluchestan province. Sistan with thousands of years antiquity is a land of ancient language, culture and customs. There are lots of proverbs in this dialect which prove this matter. Collection of data is done by library method and interview with several informants. Descriptive-analytical methodology is used in this research. Among around seven hundred collected proverbs only the ones with satirical language aspects were analyzed. By analyzing the contrast and difference between discourse and situation in the proverbs of this study, around seventeen satirical components from hyperbole, inner conflict, comparing congruous matters, oxymoron, irony of situation, hyperbolic compliment were identified. The results of this study showed that the common speech in most proverbs and local adages of Sistani people is satirical, ironic and sarcastic language which is resided pleasantly in the most summarized speech.