مصوّرسازي‌‌هاي نسخه‌اي خطي از ترجمه فارسي كتاب «في معرفت الحيل الهندسيه » (نسخه خطي شماره 708 كتابخانه دانشگاه شهيد مطهري تهران)

A Survey of an Illustration of a Persian-Translated Manuscript of the Book “Fi Marifat al-Hiyal al-Handasiyya” (Manuscript No. 708 of the Library of Shahid Motahari University in Tehran)

يكي از نسخه‌هاي خطي مصور نفيس موجود در ايران، نسخه شماره 708 كتاب‌خانه دانشگاه شهيد مطهري(مدرسه سپهسالار) تهران است كه ترجمه كتاب الحيل جزري به فارسي است و در تاريخ علم، فناوري و هنر تمدن اسلامي اهميت زيادي دارد؛ اما تاكنون، پژوهشي درباره جنبه‌هاي هنري اين نسخه انجام نشده است، لذا، با هدف احصاي ويژگي‌هاي هنري، براي نخستين‌بار، مصورسازي‌هاي آن معرفي و تحليل مي‌گردد. پرسش‌هاي پژوهش، عبارتند از: 1) مصورسازي‌هاي نسخه خطي شماره 708 چه ويژگي‌هايي دارند؟ 2) وضعيت مصورسازي نسخه 708 نسبت به اصل كتاب جزري چگونه است؟ 3) نسخه خطي مذكور چه خصوصيات بارزي دارد؟ روش پژوهش، توصيفي و تحليلي است و در طي آن، داده‌هاي كتاب‌خانه‌اي گردآوري شده و سپس، مورد مشاهده، تحليل و بررسي قرار گرفته است. جامعه مورد مطالعه، تمامي نگاره‌ها و تصويرسازي‌هاي اين نسخه خطي است و به عنوان نمونه، به صورت غيراحتمالي، 10 مصورسازي از اين نسخه بررسي شده است. بر اساس نتايج پژوهش، مهم‌ترين ويژگي‌هاي تصاوير اين نسخه، عبارتند از: خودداري از تصويرگري انسان و بسياري از حيوانات، تزيين سطوح رنگي بزرگ با نقوش ظريف گياهي و هندسي، عدم ايجاد زمينه رنگي در تصاوير. هم‌چنين، از ميان 135 مصورسازي، 36 مورد به شكل اصلي دستگاه‌ها، 27 مورد به نمايش مكانيزم‌ها و 72 تصوير به اجزا و قطعات اختصاص يافته و 7 جاي خالي در ميان متون موجود است. جا افتادگي مصورسازي‌ها نيز نسبت به اصل كتاب، 14 شكل اصلي، 9 مكانيزم و 26 جز مي‌باشد كه دلايل احتمالي فقدان آن‌ها در خلال پژوهش مطرح شده است.

One of the exquisite illustrated manuscripts available in Persian language in Iran is the number 708 manuscript available at the library of Shahid Motahari University (formerly Sepahsalar) in Tehran, which is a Persian translation of the book of Hiyal by Badi’ al-Zaman al-Jazari. In this book, of which at least 21 manuscripts have been identified and 3 of them are available in Iran, 50 automated machines have been presented along with illustrations. Therefore, it serves as a very important document in the history of science, technology and art of Islamic civilization. However, no research has been conducted on the artistic aspects of manuscript number 708, translated by Mohammad bin Dawood Alavi Shadiabadi. Consequently, this research, for the first time, the respective illustration is studied and analyzed to discover its artistic features and remove the dust of negligence from this valuable edition. The main question to be replied here is what are the characteristics of the illustrations of the manuscript No. 708? Other questions are raised during this study include how the does the illustrations of number 708 edition differs from the al-Jazari’s original book? an‎d what are the specific features of this manuscript? Employing descriptive-analytic method of research, the study at hand has been conducted through desk study of library resources. All the illustrations and paintings of this manuscript comprise the study population of this research. After conducting a general study, an improbable, 10 illustrations of this book have been selected and reviewed for the statistical sample. The most important features of the illustrations in this manuscript include avoiding the use of human and animal images, decorating large colored surfaces with elegant plant and geometric motifs, preventing the creation of colorful backgrounds in the images, not using a separate frame for illustration, avoiding perspective, using few, flat and pure colors, predominance of warm colors in the ambience of images, employing black and sometimes red lines around the forms, applying simple and symmetrical or balanced compositions, and paying attention to details. The examination of the illustrations of this manuscript also revealed that from among 135 illustrations, 36 images portray the main forms of devices, 27 ones deal with mechanisms and 72 pictures illustrate components and parts. In addition, as compared al-Jazari’s original book, there is a lack of 7 texts, 14 main forms, 9 mechanisms and 26 components, resulting in possible lack of some images and texts during the course of this study.