پديد آورندگان :
حافظ، قادر دانشگاه اديان و مذاهب , رودگر، محمد پژوهشكده امام خميني و انقلاب اسلامي - گروه عرفان اسلامي , محمدي، فرزاد
كليدواژه :
عرفان سياسي , طريقت نقشبنديه , طريقت نورسيه , اسلام اجتماعي , اسلام فرهنگي , فتح‌الله گولن
چكيده فارسي :
برخي از متفكران همانند جواد طباطبايي و عبدالكريم سروش بر عدم ابتناي سقف سياست بر ستون عرفان تاكيد مي كنند. در مقابل، برخي جنبشها و دولتهاي اسلامي همچون دولت مرعشيان طبرستان، سربداران، دولت اسماعيلي حسن صباح و دولت صفويه ساختار و ماهيتي كاملا عرفاني دارند. در راستاي رابطه ايجابي عرفان و سياست مي توان به جنبش اسلام‌گرايي تركيه اشاره كرد كه متاثر آراي عرفاني طريقت نقشبنديه و نورسيه است. اين جريان سياسي - اجتماعي با تاكيد بر مولفه هايي همچون توجه بر اتحاد جهان اسلام و الگوي تمدني اسلام، رويكرد مثبت به دستاوردهاي تمدن غرب، نقش پر رنگ ابعاد اجتماعي اسلام، توجه به خدمت و رساندن منفعت به مردم، قرائت ميانه روانه و متساهلانه از اسلام، تاكيد بر اسلام فرهنگي، مبارزه با جهل و تفرقه با تاكيد بر آموزش و تساهل نسبت به اقليتهاي مذهبي به شدت متاثر از ديدگاههاي عرفاني مي باشد. حلقه وصل انديشه هاي عرفاني و اسلام اجتماعي تركيه انديشه هاي فتح‌الله گولن مي باشد. در اين مقاله با استفاده از روش تاريخي – تحليلي سعي مي‌گردد تا تأثير عرفان از طريق انديشه‌هاي گولن بر عملكرد جريان اسلام گراي تركيه مورد بررسي و تحليل قرار گيرد.
چكيده لاتين :
Whether the relationship between mysticism and politics is a negative or positive one has always been among the controversial issues in the history of political thought in the Islamic world. While some thinkers as Seyed Javad Tabatabai and Abdolkarim Soroush strongly propose that the grand roof of politics does not or should not rest on the pillars of mysticism in an Islamic state, there have been such great movements and states as Marashyan of Tabarestan, Sarbedaran , the Isma'ili state of Hassan-e Sabbāh, and the powerful Safavid dynasty with basically mystical (sufi) structures and natures. As a present instance of the positive relationship between politics and mysticism, one can take the case of Islamist government in Turkey today that is strongly influenced by the mystical teachings from the doctrines of Naqshbandi and Nursî . In fact, this sociopolitical system emphasizes such parameters as the importance of unity among the Islamic states, and the utility of the model of Islamic civilization; it has a favorable regard for the achievements of the Western civilization; it insists on the heightened role of the social principles of Islam; it cares for the people’s needs and well-being, has a mild and tolerant conception of Islam, believes in the importance of cultural Islam, fights against ignorance and schism, enhances education and literacy, and shows tolerance toward the religious minorities. In all such principles, the Islamist government is under the impacts of mystical teachings.
The connection between mysticism and social Islam is the theories of Fethullah Gülen. Holding a realistic and practical approach, and through the application of powers of media software, Gülen tries to come up with a mild and moderate reading of Islam. Using a historical-analytic methodology, the present study attempts at investigating the effects of Sufism and mysticism, presented through Gülen’s teachings, on the workings of the Islamist state of Turkey.
