سياست هاي فرهنگي، هنري و تجاري قالي ايراني دوران قاجاريه (1329تا 1344)

Cultural, Artistic and Commercial Policies of Iranian Rug in Qajar Era

در دوران قاجاريه پس از اينكه آرامش نسبي در زمان پادشاهي فتحعلي شاه و ناصرالدين شاه قاجار برقرار شد، بستري براي توليد فرش هاي نفيس ايراني مهيا شد. در اين عصر سياحان اروپايي توجه تاجران و مردم اروپا و آمريكا را به فرش دستباف ايران جلب كردند. در اواسط قرن 19م/13ق تحولي در توليد قالي ايراني در جهت تامين بازار جهاني رخ داد و شركت‌هاي خارجي به سرمايه‌گذاري در توليد و تجارت قالي ايران علاقه‌مند شدند. در پي اين تحولات بود كه برخي از كشورهايي كه در صنعت فرش دستباف داراي مزيت بودند به فكر توسعه اين صنعت افتاده و به عرصه رقابت در تجارت بين المللي آن وارد شدند. اين رقابت در بازار جهاني بعد از جنگ بين الملل اول شدت يافت و همواره توليد كنندگان بزرگ فرش در تصاحب بازارهاي جهاني به خصوص بازار اروپا و آمريكا در رقابت با يكديگر قرار داشتند. با مطالعه اخبار، مطالب و تبليغات رسانه‌اي در ادوار گذشته متوجه مي‌شويم در دوره قاجاريه به ويژه در دوره احمدشاه و محمدعلي شاه صدور فرش ايران در مقايسه با كشورهاي رقيب نسبتا چشمگير و رو به افزايش بوده است. مروري بر مطبوعات اين زمان مويد آن است كه بخشي از مطبوعات اقدام به معرفي و كمك به رفع مشكلات پيش روي قالي ايران كرده‌اند. نگاه حاكميتي و موضوعاتي كه روزنامه نگاران آن دوره بر آن صحه مي‌گذاشتند قابل تامل است. به همين دليل در اين پژوهش مساله اين است كه محتواي تبليغات، اخبار و فرايند ارايه اين تبليغات و گزارش‌ها به چه نحوي بوده است و اينكه موضوعات مطرح و مورد بحث و احيانا راهكارهاي پيش روي در آن دوره چگونه بوده تا بتوان با استفاده از آن اطلاعات نسبت به تدوين يك برنامه راهبردي چه در حوزه رسانه و چه در حوزه اجرايي پيرامون قالي كشور اقدام كرد.

During the Qajar era, after establishing a relative calm during the reign of Fath Ali Shah and Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar, the headstock was made for the production of exquisite Persian rugs. In this era, European travelers attracted the attention of businessmen and people of Europe and the United States to Iran's handmade rug. In the mid-19th C.E. / 13th A.H. centuries, an evolution in the production of Persian rugs for the supply of the world market occurred and foreign companies were interested in investing in Iran's rug production and trade. Following these developments, some of the countries that had the advantage of handmade carpet industry were thinking of developing this industry and entering into the field of competition in international trade. This competition grew in the global market since the First International War, and large carpet manufacturers have always been competing to takeover global markets, especially the European and American markets. The countries of China, India and Turkey were among the most important rivals of Iran, which in the last years of the Qajar era were able to increase their share of the international carpet market. By studying news, content and media ads over the past times, we notice that during the Qajar era, especially during Ahmad Shah and Mohammad Ali Shah, the issuance of Iranian carpet was relatively high compared to the rival countries. A review of the press of this time has confirmed that part of the press has been introducing and helping to overcome the problems facing Iran's rug. The sovereign look and the issues that journalists of that period endorsed is notable. That's why the problem in this research is that, how has been the content of ads, news and the process of presenting these ads and reports and that how were the issues raised and discussed, and perhaps the strategies ahead in that era, so by using that information can codify a strategic plan in the field of media as well as in the field of executive work of the country's rug. Research Objectives 1. Qajar era policies on Iranian rug. 2. Review of cultural and artistic policies of the Qajar era. Research Questions:1. What orders did the rulers give during the Qajar era regarding the export of handmade carpets? 2. What were the executive policies on the subject of rug art during this period?z