گرايش ها و رويكردهاي نظري معماري بناهاي دولتي و حكومتي دوره پهلوي اول و دوم

The Trends and Theoretical Approaches of Public and Government Buildings’ Architecture on the First and Second Pahlavi era

معماري، همواره در هر دوره و در هر منطقه جغرافيايي، ويژگي هاي خاص خود را به مثابه يك پديده فرهنگي و اجتماعي بازتاب مي دهد. معماري هرگز از عوامل تاريخي، اقتصادي، اجتماعي و فرهنگ و رسوم جامعه در عصرهاي مختلف جدا نبوده است و تحولات بروز يافته در جامعه بر معماري، نيز تاثير بسزائي داشته است. معماري دوره پهلوي اول و دوم، هم زمان با تحولات عظيم در عرصه معماري غرب همراه بوده و متاثر از انديشه ها و گرايش هاي نظري معماري كشورهاي غربي و هم جوار خود بوده است. شناخت اين گرايش ها و رويكردهاي معماري، كمك شاياني به شناخت كامل معماري اين دوران كرده و در تبيين جايگاه عناصر تاثيرگذار بر معماري دوره معاصر ايران نقش حائز اهميتي ايفا خواهد نمود .ﻣﻌﻤﺎري اﻳﻦ دوره اﻏﻠﺐ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪ و اﻗﺘﺒﺎس از ﻣﻌﻤﺎري غربي دﻳﺪه ﻣﻲ-ﺷﻮد و ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ در درﺟﻪ اول داراي ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﺎت ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎي ﻏﺮﺑﻲ و در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اند. سوال اصلي تحقيق به اين صورت مي تواند مطرح شود كه گرايش ها و رويكردهاي نظري معماري در طراحي بناهاي دولتي و حكومتي دوره پهلوي اول و دوم، چه مي تواند باشد. براي پاسخ به اين سوال بايستي از روش تحقيق تاريخي-تحليلي و توصيفي-تحليلي استفاده شود تا بتوان به نتيجه مورد نظر كه به نظر مي رسد تاثيرات معماري اين دوره از معماري غرب و كشورهاي هم جوار مي باشد، دست پيدا كرد.

Architecture in every school and in every geographic region, reflects its own characteristics as a cultural and social phenomenon. The architecture never has been separated from the historical, economic, social, culture and customs of the society in different and always evolution in society, has also an important impact on architecture. The architecture in the first and second Pahlavi era, was along with the great developments in the field of western architecture besides it was influenced by the ideas and theorical attitudes of western and neighboring countries. Understanding these trends and approaches, would help comprehensive understanding of the architecture of this period and plays an important role on explanation of the effective elements place in the Iranian contemporary architecture. Due to the extensive studies that have been done in this regard in Tehran, it is needed to recognize architectural trends and approaches in different parts of the country. The architectural survey of the North West, given that the area in addition to the being under influence of western architecture, has received profound effects from the architecture of the neighboring countries, could be handy in full understanding of contemporary architecture, especially during the first and second Pahlavi era. The main question in this case study is that what can be the architectural trends and theoretical approaches in the design of public and government buildings within the first and second Pahlavi in the north west of Iran. To answer this, the historical-analytical and descriptive-analytical methods should be used to reach to the desired results which seem to be effects of neighboring countries architecture on the region’s architecture.