كليدواژه :
استعاره , طبقه‌بندي , آثار بلاغي , نقد و تحليل
چكيده فارسي :
پس از شكل‌گيري پايه‌هاي نخستينِ علوم بلاغي، در مرحلۀ بعد پژوهشگران اين عرصه به طبقه‌بندي كرانه‌هاي مختلف اين دانش پرداختند. استعاره از قلمروهاي اوليه‌اي است كه از آغاز پي‌ريزي بلاغت، همواره مورد اهتمام بلاغيون بوده است. هنگامي‌كه گسترۀ بلاغت وارد مرحلۀ طبقه‌بندي گرديد، طبعاً استعاره نيز از اين قاعده مستثنا نبود. بررسي آثار بلاغي مختلف در حوزۀ بلاغت عربي و فارسي نشان مي‌دهد طبقه بندي استعاره ادوار مختلفي را در دو قلمروي بلاغت عربي و فارسي پشت سر گذرانده است.پژوهش حاضر تطور طبقه‌بندي استعاره را در امهات آثار بلاغي عربي و فارسي از روزگار نخستين تا عصر حاضر بررسي كرده است. بر اين اساس مي‌توان براي طبقه‌بندي استعاره در آثار بلاغي عربي سه مرحله و در آثار بلاغي فارسي شش مرحله در نظر گرفت. حاصل پژوهش نشان مي‌دهد طبقه‌بندي آثار فارسي از قرن يازدهم به‌صورت كامل متأثر از آثار سكاكي، خطيب قزويني و تفتازاني بوده است، هرچند برخي آثار بلاغي نقدهاي اندكي نيز بر اين طبقه‌بندي‌هاي مذكور وارد كرده‌اند؛ اما در روزگار ما برخي آثار بلاغي ضمن نقد طبقه‌بندي مرسوم، سودمندي خاصي را بر آن مترتب نديده‌اند و برخي با نقد اين طبقه‌بندي‌ها، مواردي بر آن‌ها افزوده‌اند.
چكيده لاتين :
After the formation of the first foundations of the rhetorical sciences, at a later stage, researchers in this field classified the different boundaries of this knowledge. The metaphor is one of the first realms that has always been the subject for researchers in this field, since the beginning of this science. When the rhetoric entered the classification stage, naturally, metaphor was no exception to this rule. The study of various rhetorical works in Arabic and Persian rhetoric shows that the classification of metaphor has passed different periods in Arabic and Persian rhetoric. his research has examined the evolution of the metaphor classification in Arabic and Persian rhetorical works from the earliest to the present day. Accordingly, three stages can be considered for categorization of metaphors in Arabic rhetorical works and six stages in Persian rhetorical works. The result of the research shows that the classification of works of Persian from the eleventh century has been fully influenced by the works of Sakkaki, Khatib Qazvini and Taftazani. However, some of the rhetorical works have made criticism of these classifications. In our day, some of the rhetorical works, while criticizing these categories, have considered the past categories to be useless and some researchers while criticizing these classifications, have added new issues to them his research has examined the evolution of the metaphor classification in Arabic and Persian rhetorical works from the earliest to the present day. Accordingly, three stages can be considered for categorization of metaphors in Arabic rhetorical works and six stages in Persian rhetorical works. The result of the research shows that the classification of works of Persian from the eleventh century has been fully influenced by the works of Sakkaki, Khatib Qazvini and Taftazani. However, some of the rhetorical works have made criticism of these classifications. In our day, some of the rhetorical works, while criticizing these categories, have considered the past categories to be useless and some researchers while criticizing these classifications, have added new issues to them This research has examined the evolution of the metaphor classification in Arabic and Persian rhetorical works from the earliest to the present day. Accordingly, three stages can be considered for categorization of metaphors in Arabic rhetoric works and six stages in Persian rhetorical works. The result of the research shows that the classification of works of Persian from the eleventh century have been fully influenced by the works of Sakkaki, Khatib Qazvini and Taftazani. However, some of the rhetorical works have made criticism of these classifications. In our day, some of the rhetorical works, while criticizing these categories, have considered the past categories to be useless and some researchers while criticizing these classifications, have added new issues to them.
