تبيين نقدهاي شكندگمانيك وزار (= گزارش گمان شكن) به راه حل معتزله براي مسيله شر و عدل الهي و داوري درباره آن

Criticisms of Shikand-gumanig Vizar (the Report on the Dispelling of Doubts) against Muʿtazila Solution to the Problem of Evil and Divine Justice and the Judgment on It

مساله شر وحل آن يكي از مسايلي است كه بشر از قديم‌الايام با آن درگير بوده‌ است. كتاب شكند‌گمانيك‌‌وزارنوشته مردان‌‌فرخ از نوادر كتابهاي كلامي زردشتي است كه نويسنده آن معتقد است دين منتخب او راه حل منظقي مساله شر است و به همين دليل ناقض توحيد. نوشتار حاضر به تلازمي كه مردان‌فرخ به آن اشاره كرده و نيز اصل عدالت كه از مهم‌ترين اركان و دغدغه‌هاي مكتب معتزلي است، مي پردازد . با تبيين اشكال مردان‌فرخ و تحليل مولفه‌هاي توحيد تلازم مذكور را نفي مي‌كند،ضمن آنكه بيان مي‌كندكه با تكيه بر راه‌حل معتزلي شر ، اصولا صدور شر از ايزد محال و وجود حوادث وموجودات نا‌خوشايند بنا به حكمت و مصلحت خداوند ، صلاح بندگان و لطف به آنها است .او درحوزه شرور انساني و عدم انتساب آنها به خداوند بنا بر قرايت معتزلي ، مساله عدالت خداوند مطرح مي‌كند كه ضمن قبول آن از سوي اين مقاله ، با ارايه راهكار جديدي راه‌ حل معتزلي رد و پاسخي در‌خوربه آن داده مي‌شود.

The problem of evil and its solution is one of the issues which has been the special concern of man for a long time. The book “Shikand-gumanig Vizar” written by Mardan-Farrukh is one of the very rare books of Zoroastrian theology and the author believes that his chosen religion offers a logical solution to the problem of evil, and thus violating monotheism. The present article expounds the correlation referred to by Mardan-Farrukh and explores the principle of justice, which is one of the most important foundations and concerns of the Muʿtazila school. Moreover, raising the objection against Mardan-Farrukh and analyzing the components of monotheism, this article rejects the idea of the mentioned correlation, stating that according to the Muʿtazila’s solution to the problem of evil, it is in principle, absurd to attribute evil to God and the sad and tragic which have divine wisdom and common good are to the benefit of the servants of God and a real blessing for them. Mardan-Farrukh raises the question of God's justice in the discussion about man’s evil deeds and their not being attributed to God according to Muʿtazili interpretation. The Muʿtazila’s solution is given approval by this article, which, rejects Muʿtazila’s solution by providing a new solution and an appropriate answer.