آﺛﺎر ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﺧﺮوج اﯾﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﺤﺪه آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ از ﻋﻬﺪﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻮدّت و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ آن ﺑﺮ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ دادرﺳﯽ در دﯾﻮان ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ دادﮔﺴﺘﺮي

Legal Effects of the U.S Withdrawal from Treaty of Amity and its impact on Proceedings in ICJ

ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺧﺮوج آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ از ﺑﺮﺟﺎم و ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﻢﻫﺎ، دوﻟﺖ اﯾﺮان ﺷﮑﺎﯾﺖ ﺧﻮد ﻣﺒﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﺧﺴـﺎرات ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﻧﻘﺾ ﻋﻬﺪﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻮدّت و ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﻢﻫﺎ و ﻧﯿـﺰ ﺻـﺪور دﺳـﺘﻮر ﻣﻮﻗـﺖ را در دﯾـﻮان ﺑـﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠـﯽ دادﮔﺴﺘﺮي ﺛﺒﺖ ﮐﺮد. دﯾﻮان ﺑﺎ ﺻﺪور دﺳﺘﻮر ﻣﻮﻗﺖ، ﺗﮑﺎﻟﯿﻔﯽ را ﺑﻪ اﯾﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﺤﺪه ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ ﻧﻤﻮد و ﻫﻢزﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ آن آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﺧﺮوج ﺧﻮد از ﻋﻬﺪﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻮدّت را اﻋﻼم ﮐﺮد. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ـ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ آﺛﺎر ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﺧﺮوج اﯾﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﺤﺪه آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ از ﻋﻬﺪﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻮدّت و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ آن ﺑﺮ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ دادرﺳﯽ در دﯾﻮان ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ دادﮔﺴـﺘﺮي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ دوﻟﺖ اﯾﺮان و اﺷﺨﺎص ﺗﺎﺑﻊ آن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎن اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻬﺪﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻮدّت اﻟﺰام اﯾﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﺤﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻬﺪات ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از آن را ﺑﺨﻮاﻫﻨﺪ و اﺧﺘﺘﺎم ﻋﻬﺪﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﺧﺴﺎرات ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﻧﻘﺾ ﺗﻌﻬﺪات آن ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ دوﻟﺖ اﯾﺮان، ﺑﺮﺧﻼف اﺗﺒﺎﻋﺶ، ﺣـﻖ اﻟـﺰام ﺑـﻪ اﺟـﺮاي ﺗﮑﺎﻟﯿﻒ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع دﺳﺘﻮر ﻣﻮﻗﺖ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﺟﺒﺮان ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﻧﻘﺾ آن را در دﯾﻮان ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ دادﮔﺴـﺘﺮي دارد

After the U.S withdrawal from Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPA) and re-imposition of sanctions, Iran filed its application in ICJ with regard to claims for damages arising from violation of Treaty of Amity and re-imposition of sanctions, and indications of provisional measures. By indicating such measures, ICJ orders the U.S to lift sanctions against Iran and meanwhile the U.S declared its withdrawal from Treaty of Amity. In this paper, we examined the legal effects of the U.S withdrawal from Treaty of Amity and its impact on proceedings in ICJ using a descriptive-analytical method. Research findings show that Iran and its individual subjects could request the U.S to be bound by obligations associated with Treaty of Amity by the time it is in force and termination of the Treaty does not preclude claims for damages from violation of its obligations. Additionally, Iran has the right to require performance of duties arising from provisional measures and claim for compensation due to violating it in ICJ