واكاوي چالش‌هاي برابريابي اسماءالحسني در ترجمه‌هاي فارسي قرآن كريم

Investigating of Asmal al-hosna equivalent selection challenges in Qur'an Persian translations

ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻗﺮآن، ﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺎﻣﻞ، ﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از آن، از ﻫﻤﺎن زﻣﺎن ﻧﺰول اﯾـﻦ ﮐﺘـﺎب ﻣﻘـﺪس آﻏﺎز ﺷﺪه و ﺳﯿﺮ ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻠﯽ آن ﺗﺎ اﻣﺮوز اداﻣﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻘﺪ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و ﻣـﺪاوم ﺗﺮﺟﻤـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺘﻔـﺎوت ﻗﺮآن ﮐﺮﯾﻢ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ زﻣﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎز ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و راه ﻧﯿﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪﻓﯽ آرﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻧـﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﻤـﻪ اي دﻗﯿـﻖ و درﺑﺮﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪه ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻇﺮاﻓﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻦ اﺻﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ، را ﻫﻤﻮار ﺳﺎزد. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ دﻟﯿﻞ، در ﺟﺴﺘﺎر ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗـﻼش ﺷـﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻘﺪ و ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد آﺳﯿﺐﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻓﻨﯽ و ادﺑـﯽ ﺗﺮﺟﻤـﻪ، ﭼـﺎﻟﺶ ﻫـﺎي ﭘﯿﺶروي ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎن در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺳﻤﺎءاﻟﺤﺴﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮارﮔﯿﺮد. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس، دادهﻫـﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ 43 ﻣﻮرد از اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎﻣﯽ از ﮐﻞ ﻗﺮآن اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و در 35 ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻗﺮآن ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﻧﻘـﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎن دﺳﺖﮐﻢ در 11 ﻣﻮرد، از اﺻﻮل و ﻣﺒـﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺮﺟﻤـﻪ ﺗﺨﻄـﯽ ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﻟﻐﺰشﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از: ﻋﺪم رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﻧﻈﻢ و ﻫﻤﮕﻮﻧﯽ در ﺗﺮﺟﻤـﻪ؛ ﻋـﺪم رﻋﺎﯾـﺖ اﺧﺘﺼـﺎر در ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ؛ ﻋﺪم اراﺋﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻤﻮل و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﻬﻢ؛ ﺣﺬف ﺑﯽدﻟﯿﻞ؛ ﻋـﺪم ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﯾﮑﺴـﺎن ﺳـﺎزي ﺗﺮﺟﻤـﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺤﻮي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ و ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﻧﺎﺑﺠﺎ و ﺑﯿﺶ از اﻧﺪازه.

Translating of the Quran, either fully or partially, has started from its descending time and its evolutionary movement has continued until now. Continuous scientific criticism of the various translations of this sacred work can prepare the ground for advancement of Qur'an translations and also can pave the way to an ideal goal that is a precise translation containing all the delicacies of the original text. So, with the approach of technical and literary pathology of translation, the present study aims to investigate the issue of translators' errors when attempting to translate Asma al-hosna to Persian. In so doing, data about 43 of these non-selective names were extracted from the Quran.After separating all relevant data and determining their frequency and lexical categories, their equivalents were selected from 35 contemporary Persian translations of the Holy Qur'an. Then they were analyzed in a general and thematic critique method and errors due to translator's oversight were described and classified. It was found that translators have contravened translation principles in at least 11 cases. Some of these errors include: not observing the consistency in translation; not observing the translation brevity; proposing unfamiliar and incomprehensible equivalents for commonalty; using undue ellipsis; choosing diverse equivalents for the same syntactic structures and using unnecessary structural changes.