استرس ادراكشده در سالمندان: نقش هوش معنوي خود دلسوزي و سرسختي روانشناختي

Perceived Stress in the Elderly: The Role of Spiritual Intelligence, Self-Compassion, and Psychological Hardiness

اﺳﺘﺮس ﭘﺪﯾﺪهاي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ راﺑﻄﻪ آن ﺑﺎ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ و روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ از دﯾﺮﺑﺎز ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺳﺘﺮسزاي رواﻧﯽ و ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻦ ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻫﻮش ﻣﻌﻨﻮي، ﺧﻮددﻟﺴﻮزي و ﺳﺮﺳﺨﺘﯽ روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ اﺳﺘﺮس ادراكﺷﺪه ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﻮد. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و از ﻧﻮع ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اردﺑﯿﻞ در ﺳﺎل 1397 ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﺑﯿﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ 120 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي در دﺳﺘﺮس اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﺟﻤﻊآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس اﺳﺘﺮس ادراكﺷﺪه ﮐﻮﻫﻦ، ﮐﺎﻣﺎرك و ﻣﺎرﻣﻠﺸﺘﺎﯾﻦ، ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﻫﻮش ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﮐﯿﻨﮓ، ﻣﻘﯿﺎس دﻟﺴﻮزي ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻧﻒ و ﺳﯿﺎﻫﻪ ﺳﺮﺳﺨﺘﯽ روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﮐﻮﺑﺎﺳﺎ، ﻣﺪي و ﮐﺎن ﺑﻮد. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار آﻣﺎري SPSS ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 21 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺳﺘﺮس ادراكﺷﺪه در ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮش ﻣﻌﻨﻮي، ﺧﻮددﻟﺴﻮزي و ﺳﺮﺳﺨﺘﯽ روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري دارد )0/05

Stress has been known as a phenomenon which is in relationship with physical and psychological health, and mental and health-related stressors are exacerbated with age. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of spiritual intelligence, self-compassion, and psychological hardiness in predicting perceived stress in the elderly. It was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study included all the elderly in Ardabil, Iran in 2018, out of whom 120 were selected through convenience sampling. Data collection tools included Cohen, Kamarck and Mermelstein’s Perceived Stress Scale, King's Spiritual Intelligence Scale, Neff's Self-Compassion Scale, and Kobasa, Maddi and Kahan Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and regression analysisby SPSS 21. Perceived stress in elderly showed anegative significant relationship with spiritual intelligence, self-compassion,and psychological hardiness (p<0.05). Spiritual intelligence, self-compassion, and psychological hardiness predicted 72% of the variance in perceived stress scores in the elderly (p <0.01). Therefore, due to the effects of spiritual intelligence, self-compassion, and psychological hardiness on perceived stress, it can be reduced by raising awareness and employing measures to empower the elderly in these areas.