تاثير بازي مبتني بر هوش اخلاقي بر وجدان، خويشتنداري و مسئوليت پذيري اجتماعي كودكان با استعداد دبستاني

The effect of play based on moral intelligence on conscience, self-control and social responsibility of elementary school children

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎزي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪه ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻮش اﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﺑﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ وﺟﺪان، ﺧﻮﯾﺸﺘﻦداري و ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺑﺎاﺳﺘﻌﺪاد دﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻮد. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻧﯿﻤﻪآزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن-ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان دﺧﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻌﺪاد ﭘﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﭼﻬﺎرم، ﭘﻨﺠﻢ و ﺷﺸﻢ اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. از ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺪارس اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ دﺧﺘﺮاﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ 3، ﻣﺪرﺳﻪاي ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. از ﻣﯿﺎن داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان ﺑﺎاﺳﺘﻌﺪاد در ﭘﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻌﺪادي داﻧﺶآﻣﻮز ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ آﻣﻮزﮔﺎران ﮐﻼسﺷﺎن اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ از ﻣﯿﺎن آنﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد 30 داﻧﺶآﻣﻮز ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﺎدف اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎاﺳﺘﻌﺪاد ﺑﻮدن آنﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ آزﻣﻮن ﻫﻮش ﮔﺎردﻧﺮ ﺗﺎﺋﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ )16 ﻧﻔﺮ( و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل )14 ﻧﻔﺮ( ﮔﻤﺎرده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎزي ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ و ﮐﺘﺎبﻫﺎﯾﯽ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺎزي و ﻫﻮش اﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﺑﻮرﺑﺎ )2001( ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺋﯿﺪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﮐﻮدك و ﻧﻮﺟﻮان رﺳﯿﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ در ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻃﯽ 9 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻪ اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﮐﺮدﻟﻮ )1389(، ﻫﻮشاﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﻋﻠﯽاﮐﺒﺮيدﻫﮑﺮدي، ﮔﻠﭙﺎﯾﮕﺎﻧﯽ و ﻣﺤﺘﺸﻤﯽ )1394( و ﻫﻮش ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺎردﻧﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺮاي دو ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ وﺟﺪان و ﺧﻮﯾﺸﺘﻦداري و ﻧﯿﺰ آزﻣﻮن t ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎزي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪه در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي وﺟﺪان )0/003 = p(، ﺧﻮﯾﺸﺘﻦداري )0/006= p(، و ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮي )0/001= p( ﻣﺆﺛﺮ واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﻧﻤﺮات ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در اﯾﻦ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ از ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮي ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ و در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻧﺒﻮدن ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺟﺮا ﻧﺸﺪ.

The purpose of this study was the effectiveness of play package designed to increase moral conscience, self-control and taking social responsibility of talented primary school students. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest with control group design. The population consisted of all girl students of the fourth, fifth and sixth grade of the 3rd district of Tehran. Then, 30 talented students were randomly selected and their intelligence was confirmed through Gardner's intelligence test. Students were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental (n=16) and control (n=14) groups. The designed play package was based on the theory and books related to the play and moral intelligence of Michele Borba (2001), and was approved by five child psychologists. This package was run for the experimental group for 9 one-hour sessions. The questionnaire used in the research was the Kurdlo Responsibility Questionnaire (2010), moral Intelligence by Ali Akbari Dehkordi, Golpayegani and Mohtashemi (1394) and Gardner Multiple Intelligence.The results of data analysis showed that the play package effectively increased conscience (p=0.003), self-control (p=0.006), and taking responsibility (p=0.001). The follow-up phase was not performed in this study because of time limitation and inaccessibility of the sample.