خاتم ولايت از ديدگاه امام خميني و ابن‌عربي

ولايت قيام بنده به پرودگار است هنگامي كه از خود فاني شود و آن به توليت حضرت حق تعالي نسبت به او است تا او را به نهايت مقام قرب و تمكين برساند. خاتم ولايت كسي است كه با او صلاح دنيا و آخرت به نهايت كمال مي‌رسد و نظام عالم با مرگ او مختل مي‌شود. سخنان ابن‌عربي در باب خاتم ولايت مضطرب و مبهم است. او گاهي با صراحت حضرت عيسي (ع) را خاتم ولايت مطلقه مي‌نامد و گاه از حضرت علي (ع) چنان تعريف مي‌كند كه گويا اين عنوان را براي آن حضرت مي‌شمارد. خاتم ولايت محمديه را گاهي حضرت مهدي (عج) معرفي مي‌كند و گاهي به‌صراحت آن را شخصي غير از آن حضرت مي‌داند. او گاهي حتي خود را نيز خاتم ولايت مي‌شمارد. در حالي كه نظرات ابن‌عربي درباره خاتم ولايت ابهام دارد، حضرت امام خميني، با قاطعيت، خاتم ولايت مطلقه را، به دليل اتحاد حقيقت نوري حضرت علي با پيامبر اكرم (ص)، حضرت علي مي‌داند و خاتم ولايت محمديه را نيز حضرت مهدي معرفي مي‌كند. هدف اين پژوهش بيان نقاط اشتراك و اختلاف امام خميني و ابن‌عربي درباره خاتم ولايت و تحليل و تطبيق نظرات ايشان است.

Wilāya (Sainthood) is the servant’s dependence on his Lord when his ego is annihilated, and this is by God’s supervision over him in order to take him to the ultimate position of proximity and annihilation of his particularities. The seal of sainthood (khatam al-wilāya) is someone who accomplishes the happiness of this world and the afterlife—and someone whose death disrupts the world’s order. Ibn ‘Arabī’s words about the seal of sainthood are confused and vague. He sometimes refers to Jesus as the seal of absolute sainthood, and sometimes he praises ‘Ali so much that he seems to see him as the seal. He sometimes refers to al-Mahdī as the seal of Muḥammadī sainthood, and at some points, he explicitly refers to others as such. Moreover, there are cases in which he refers to himself as the seal of sainthood. As confused as his words might be, Imam Khomeini clearly states that ‘Alī is the seal of absolute sainthood, because of the unio‎n of his bright reality with the Prophet Muhammad. He also identifies al-mahdi as the seal of Muhammadi sainthood. This paper seeks to articulate agreements and disagreements between Imam Khomeini and Ibn ‘Arabī over the seal of sainthood. We analyze and compare their views.