بررسي كاركردهاي اجرايي در مولتيپل اسكلروزيس دوران كودكي و نوجواني با تاكيد بر توانايي برنامه ريزي راهبردي و مديريت زمان

Evaluation of executive functions in Multiple Sclerosis in childhood and adolescence by emphasizing on Strategic Planning and Time Management Ability

ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ دو ﺳﺎزه ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي راﻫﺒﺮدي و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ زﻣﺎن در ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن و ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ MS ﺑﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﯾﮏ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻋﻠّﯽ- ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪاي ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح ﭘﺲروﯾﺪادي و ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري را ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن و ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري MS، ﻋﻀﻮ اﻧﺠﻤﻦ MS اﯾﺮان ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ دادﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، ﺗﻌﺪاد 30 ﻧﻔﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ MS و 30 ﻧﻔﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﮐﻪ 18 ﺳﺎل و ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺳﻦ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي در دﺳﺘﺮس اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ واﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ از ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن و ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﺪ. اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺎﻣﻞ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﯾﻒ )BRIEF( و ﻓﺮم اﻃﻼﻋﺎت دﻣﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯿﮏ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن t ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ و ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ در ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 26 ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار Spss ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎ در ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ MS از ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ 5/758=p<0/000 ،df=58 ،t( و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﻣﯿﺎن اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎزه و وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ 0/020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of two strategic planning and time management constructs in children and adolescents with MS. This study was a causal-comparative study with post-facto and control group design. The statistical population comprised all children and adolescents with MS who are members of the MS Society of Iran. For this purpose, 30 MS patients and 30 non-MS patients aged 18 years and younger were selected by convenience sampling method and evaluated by parental version of the BRIEF Questionnaire. The results of children and adolescents affected were compared with non-affected samples. The research tool of the present study was BRIEF Questionnaire (Gioia, Isquith, Guy & Kenworthy, 2000) and data were analyzed using independent t-test, analysis of variance and correlation in version SPSS26 of software. Analysis of the planning variable showed that the mean of children with MS was significantly higher than non-affected children (t=5.758, df=58, p<0.000) and a significant correlation between this construct and educational status were observed (p<0.020). Results of the study of time management variable were similar to the previous one (t=5.394, d.f=58, p<0.000), but no significant correlation was found between this variable and educational status (p<0.691). As a result of the analysis, it was found that children and adolescents with MS have significant deficits in their planning and time management components compared to their non-MS counterparts. However, weakness in the planning component can also affect their educational status. Therefore, early diagnosis and intervention in this field is necessary.