ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ارزش ﺛﻤﻦ در ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺴﺦ ﻗﺮارداد

The Recoverability of Losses Due to Decrease in Price Value in the Case of Termination of Contract

ﺑﯽ ﮔﻤﺎن ﺣﻘﻮق ﻗﺮاردادﻫﺎ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﺳﺖ و ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي و ﺑﻪ روز ﺑﻮدن ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ آن، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ در رﺷﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﯾﮏ ﮐﺸـﻮر داﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ. ﺑـﺪﯾﻦ دﻟﯿـﻞ ﭘـﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨـﯽ ﺿـﻤﺎﻧﺖ اﺟﺮاﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻘﺾ ﻗﺮارداد، داراي اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﯾﻦ و ﻋﻨﺼـﺮ ﻣﻬﻤـﯽ در ارزﯾـﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﺎر آﻣـﺪي اﯾـﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ از ﺣﻘﻮق اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس، ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻧﻘـﺺ ﻫـﺎي اﺻـﻠﯽ آن در ﺣﻘـﻮق اﯾﺮان ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازد. ﻫﯿﺌﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ دﯾﻮان ﻋﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر در رأي وﺣـﺪت روﯾـﻪ 733 در ﺧﺼـﻮص ﭼﮕـﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺟﺒﺮان ﺧﺴﺎرات وارده ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﯾﺪار در ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﻓﻀﻮﻟﯽ اراﯾﻪ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻧﻤﻮد. در ﮐﻨﺎر اﺑﻬﺎﻣﺎت و ﺗﺮدﯾﺪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐـﻪ راﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﯾﻦ رأي و ﺟﺒﺮان ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻮدن آن وﺟﻮد دارد، اﻣﮑﺎن ﺳـﻨﺠﯽ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ و اﻋﻤـﺎل ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﻣﺬﮐﻮر در ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﺳﺒﺎب اﻧﺤﻼل ﻗﺮارداد؛ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﻓﺴﺦ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ آن ﺑﻪ وﯾـﮋه ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر دارد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ آن اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ در ﺗﻤـﺎﻣﯽ ﻣـﻮارد اﻧﺤـﻼل ﻗﺮارداد ﮐﻪ داراي ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯾﯽ واﺣﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﻓﻀﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﻮده و ﻓﯽ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﺧﺮﯾﺪار ﻣﻐـﺮور ﺷـﺪه، اﻋﻤـﺎل ﻣﺒـﺎﻧﯽ رأي وﺣﺪت روﯾﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺒـﺮان ﺧﺴـﺎرت ﻧﺎﺷـﯽ از ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ارزش ﺛﻤـﻦ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورد، ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﭘﯿﺶ ﻓﺮوش ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻧﯿﺰ، اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع را ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

There is no doubt that contract law is one of the important foundations of economic system and efficiency and being up-to-date of its rules can have a major role on economic growth. So foreseeing suitable remedies for breach of contract is very important and it can be said that it is a fundamental factor in evaluating the efficiency of contract law. The paper analyses one of the major defects of Iranian contract law. It should be noted The Supreme Court in decree number 733 provided a solution for how to compensate buyer’s losses in an unauthorized transaction. Alongside with uncertainty and doubt that exists about the accepted standard in the decree and its restorative ability in these cases, the possibility of the application of the standard in other cases of dissolution of contract; specifically termination is an important question that giving an answer to it, is very necessary considered with practical aspects. In this survey, it has been proposed that the application of the decree in all causes of contract dissolution is rational and reasonable on the understanding that it has the same base in common with unauthorized transactions and in fact, the buyer has been deceived