برﺳﯽ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ ﺣﻖ ﺟﺒﺮان ﺧﺴﺎرت زﯾﺎﻧﺪﯾﺪه از ﺣﺒﺲ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺎزداﺷﺖ ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ

Study of Jurisprudential Principles of the Right to Compensation for Unlawful Arrest or Detention

ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺳﻼم ﺑﻪ رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﻘﻮق زﻧﺪاﻧﯽ و ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺑـﻪ اﯾﻨﮑـﻪ ﺣﻘـﻮق اﯾـﺮان ﻣﺘـﺄﺛﺮ از ﻓﻘـﻪ ﺷـﯿﻌﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻟﺰوم رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﻮاﻧﺴﯿﻮن ﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠـﯽ در زﻣﯿﻨـﻪ ﺟﺒـﺮان ﺧﺴـﺎرت ﻧﺎﺷـﯽ از ﺣـﺒﺲ ﯾـﺎ ﺑﺎزداﺷﺖ ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ ﺿﺮوري ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ اي ﮐﻪ در ﻓﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺿﻤﺎن »ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻓﺎﺋﺘﻪ« ﺣﺮ ﻣﻌﺮوف اﺳﺖ ﺑﭙﺮدازﯾﻢ زﯾﺮا ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﯾﮏ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ در ﻓﻘﻪ، ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ از اﻧﺴﺎن ﺣﺮ ﺗﻠﻒ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﺿﻤﺎن ﻧﺪارد و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دﯾﺪﮔﺎه دﯾﮕﺮ اﺗﻼف ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ و ﻋﻤﻞ ﺣﺮّ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻄﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺿﻤﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﭘﺲ از ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ آن از ﺟﻠﻤﻪ ﻗﺎﻋﺪه اﺣﺘﺮام، ﻗﺎﻋﺪه اﺗﻼف و ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﻻﺿﺮر، ﺣﮑﻢ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺟﺒﺮان ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺣﺒﺲ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺎزداﺷﺖ ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ روﺷﻦ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ را در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار داده اﯾﻢ ﺗﺎ اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از اﯾﻦ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ را در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺿﻤﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻓﺎﺋﺘﻪ ﺣﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮده و از اﯾﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ، ﺧﺴﺎرات ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺣﺒﺲ ﯾﺎ زداﺷﺖ ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ را ﺑﻪ اﺛﺒﺎت رﺳﺎﻧﯿﻢ.

Regarding to the importance of prisoner's right in islam and that the Iranian Law has been under influence of shia jurisprudence and also regarding to international conventions related to right to compensation for unlawful arrest or detention, the study of this issue is necessary.
To have a discussion of this issue we should pay attention to the important subject which referred in jurisprudence as lost benefits of human being, by the reason that according to a theory in jurisprudence, the lost benefits of human being are no under the guarantee but according to other theory, they are under the guarantee in some circumstances. So we have discussed this issue and then the issue related rules such as the rule of Ehteram, Etlaf, and the rule of Lazarar as the basis of the issue of right to compensation for unlawful arrest or detention. Thus we examined the related rules in the present research.