هدف: با توجه به تأثير كم شنوايي بر رشد زبان و مهارتهاي فرازباني و متفاوت بودن مهارت زباني و فرازباني در كودكان دوزبانه، بررسي اين مهارتها در كودكان دوزبانۀ مختلف و مقايسۀ آنها با كودكان دوزبانۀ طبيعي ميتواند به شناخت بيشتر ما از رشد زبان در اين كودكان و عوامل دخيل در آن شود. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسي و مقايسه مهارتهاي زباني و فرازباني كودكان پيش دبستاني دوزبانۀ (تركي-فارسي) كم شنواي داراي كاشتينۀ حلزوني با كودكان دوزبانۀ (تركي-فارسي) همتاي سني طبيعي است.
روش: براي انجام اين پژوهش 6 كودك دوزبانۀ پيش دبستاني داراي كاشتينه حلزوني از بين مدارس استثنايي شهر زنجان در سال تحصيلي 98-97 به صورت آمارگيري سرشماري و 6 كودك همتاي سني طبيعي از مدارس شهر زنجان به صورت تصادفي انتخاب و در آزمونهاي مهارتهاي زباني و فرازباني (ميانگين طول گفته، غناي واژگاني و آگاهي واژگاني و آگاهي نحوي) با هم مقايسه شدند. براي بررسي رشد شاخصهاي زباني از نمونۀ گفتار پيوسته و براي بررسي مهارت هاي فرازباني از آزمون هاي آگاهي واژگاني (شامل بررسي محتوايي و ساختاري تعريف واژه) و آگاهي نحوي استفاده شد.
يافته ها: بررسي و تحليل داده ها نشان داد كه در زبان تركي رشد مهارتهاي زباني و فرازباني كودكان پيشدبستاني دوزبانۀ تركي-فارسي كم شنوا دچار تأخير است (05/0>P). اما در زبان فارسي از شاخص هاي رشد زباني فقط ميانگين طول گفته (ميانگين تعداد تكواژ در گفته) تأخير دارد (05/0>P) و در هيچ كدام از جنبههاي محتوايي و ساختاري مهارت تعريف واژگاني كودكان كمشنوا تفاوت معناداري مشاهده نشد (05/0
چكيده لاتين :
The Relationship between Mean Length of utterance (MLU), Lexical Richness and syntactical and lexical metalinguistic Awareness in Bilingual (Turkish-Persian) normal and hearing impaired Children
Objectives: Regarding the impact of hearing loss on language development and metalinguistic skill and being language development different from metalinguistic skill in bilingual children, studying of these skills in different bilingual children and comparing them with normal bilingual children can help us understand more about language development in children and the factors involved in it. The present study aims at Investigating and Comparing linguistic and metalinguistic skills of bilingual (Turkish-Persian) children with cochlear implant and their normal hearing peers.
Method: The present follow-up study was conducted on six children with cochlear implant and six normal hearing peers that was randomly selected from preschool students of Zanjan city in the school year of 97-98. We compared these children in Mean Length of Utterance, lexical richness, lexical awareness and syntactic awareness. To investigate language development, continuous speech, and to investigate metalinguistic awareness, lexical awareness (including content and structural analysis of word definition) and syntactic awareness tests was used.
Results: Data analysis revealed that developing language and metalinguistic skills in bilingual preschool children with hearing loss in Turkish-Persian were delayed. (P <0.05). But in Persian language, of the indices of language growth, only the Mean Length of utterance (mean number of morphemes per word) is delayed (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in any of the content and structural aspects of word definition in hearing loss children (P>0.05). The low ability level of subjects’ in metalinguistic skills in Turkish language can be ascribed to the formal teaching of Persian in schools. In addition, Spearman's correlation coefficient indicated that there is a positive and significant correlation between indices of language growth, lexical awareness of bilingual (Turkish-Persian) children with hearing loss and normal hearing peers in both Persian and Turkish.