پديد آورندگان :
يوسفي، افسانه دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد - دانشكده كشاورزي , ميرزايي تالارپشتي، رضا دانشگاه شهيد بهشتي - پژوهشكده علوم محيطي - گروه كشاورزي اكولوژيك , نباتي، جعفر دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد - پژوهشكده علوم محيطي - گروه پژوهشي بقولات , صوفي زاده، سعيد دانشگاه شهيد بهشتي - پژوهشكده علوم محيطي - گروه كشاورزي اكولوژيك
كليدواژه :
سرعت آسيميلاسيون خالص , سرعت رشد محصول , شاخص سطح برگ , كودهاي زيستي
چكيده فارسي :
به‌منظور بررسي اثر باكتري‌هاي حل‌كننده فسفر، پتاسيم و تثبيت‌كننده آزادزي نيتروژن بر شاخص‌هاي رشدي ماش (Vigna radiata L.)، آزمايشي در سال زراعي 1396 در مزرعه پژوهشي دانشكده كشاورزي دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد به‌صورت فاكتوريل در قالب طرح بلوك هاي كامل تصادفي، با دو توده ماش (دزفولي و هندي)، شش تيمار كودي شامل: 1- باكتري‌هاي آزادزي تثبيت‌كننده نيتروژن، 2- باكتري‌هاي حل‌كننده فسفر، 3- باكتري‌هاي حل‌كننده پتاسيم، 4- باكتري‌هاي آزادزي تثبيت‌كننده نيتروژن + باكتري‌هاي حل‌كننده پتاسيم و فسفر، 5- كود شيميايي نيتروژن و 6- شاهد (بدون كود زيستي و شيميايي) در سه تكرار اجرا شد. مقدار واحد كلوني ريز‌موجود در هر گرم كود زيستي 107 واحد بود. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل شاخص سطح برگ، ماده خشك تجمعي، سرعت رشد محصول، سرعت آسيميلاسيون خالص، سرعت رشد نسبي و عملكرد دانه بود. نتايج نشان داد كه بيش‌ترين شاخص سطح برگ (3/80)، تجمع ماده خشك (835 گرم بر مترمربع) و عملكرد دانه (1558 كيلوگرم در هكتار) ماش در توده هندي به‌دست آمد و توده دزفولي بيش‌ترين سرعت رشد محصول (25 گرم در مترمربع در روز)، سرعت رشد نسبي (0/056 گرم در مترمربع در روز) و سرعت آسيميلاسيون خالص (18/95 گرم دي‌اكسيد‌كربن در مترمربع در روز) را نشان داد. كم‌ترين شاخص‌هاي رشد در شاهد در هر دو توده دزفولي و هندي به‌دست آمد. بر اين اساس مي‌توان چنين نتيجه گرفت كه كاربرد هم‌زمان كودهاي زيستي در بهبود شرايط رشدي گياه اثر قابل توجهي داشته است و از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ رﯾﺸﻪ و در نتيجه ﺟﺬب ﺑﻬﺘﺮ آب و ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ از ﺧﺎك توانسته است، ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺻﻔﺎت ﮐﻤّﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه ﮔﺮدد.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Economic problems as well as environmental concerns related to irregular and excessive application of agricultural
chemicals have shifted the attentions toward application of biological fertilizers in many agro-ecosystems. In order to
reduce environmental pollution and ecological damage caused by usage of chemical fertilizers, there is a need to use
resources and inputs, which not only meet crop nutrient requirements, but also guarantee the long-term sustainability of
agricultural systems. Beans are used as human food sources and to improve soil fertility through bio-stabilization of
nitrogen. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of biofertilizer including (free-living nitrogen-fixating
bacteria, and potassium and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria) on growth Indicators of two mung bean landrace.
Materials and Methods
In order to investigate the effect of free-living nitrogen fixating, phosphorus and potassium solubilizing bacteria on
growth indices of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), a field experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete
block design as factorial arrangement. Two mung bean landrace (Dezfouli and Indian) were planted under six
fertilization systems at the Agricultural Research Station of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran in 2017. Six
fertilization treatments include: 1-free-living nitrogen fixating 2- phosphorus solubilizing bacteria 3- potassium
solubilizing bacteria 4- free-living nitrogen fixating +phosphorus solubilizing bacteria + potassium solubilizing bacteria
5- nitrogen fertilizer 6- Control (without biological and chemical fertilizers) were applied. Before planting, a soil depth
of 0-30 cm was obtained from soil samples and the soil physico-chemical properties were measured. Sampling was
started 20 days after planting by taking 6 destructive samples. Plant were sampled two weekly intervals to determine the
growth parameters of mung bean including leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation (DM), crop growth rate
(CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), and net assimilation rate (NAR).
Results and Discussion
The results showed that the highest leaf area index (3.80) and dry matter accumulation (835 g. m-2) were observed in
Indian mung bean, also the highest Crop growth rate (25 g.m-2.day-1), net assimilation rate (18.95 g CO2.m-2.day-1) and
relative growth rate (0.056 g.g-1.day-1) were obtained in Dezfuli Landrace. The lowest growth indices in control
treatment were obtained in both Dezfuli and Indian Landrace. Also, the highest yield (1558 kg. ha-1) at application time
of bifertilizers was obtained for Indian mung bean under (free-living nitrogen fixating + phosphorus solubilizing
bacteria + potassium solubilizing bacteria) treatment. The use of bio-fertilizers through synergistic effects by creating a
suitable substrate and favorable for nutrients improves the growth and increase of yield. Also, increasing leaf area can
increase the plant's photosynthetic potential and increase dry matter, at finally to increased plant yield. Mung bean plant
despite its ability to stabilize nitrogen due to its poor root yield is low. Inoculation with free-living nitrogen fixating,
phosphorus solubilizing and potassium solubilizing bacteria, due to increased access to nutrients, which is an effective factor in stimulating the growth and photosynthesis of plants. It improves the growth conditions, develops vegetative
growth, extends and prolongs the leaf area, produces photosynthetic materials and as a result increases yield. The
application of the mentioned bio fertilizers has increased the number of elements and the development of photosynthetic
surfaces and the plant produced the produced material to the reproductive organs and finally growth indices have
increased compared to the control treatment.
Conclusion
It was revealed that symbiosis of various biofertilizers not only improve mung bean Growth Indicators but also can
reduce negative aspects of chemical fertilizer application in crop production systems. Giving attention to more frequent
application of biological fertilizers could be considered as an important agro-ecological approach, which results in
healthier soil and water resources.
